You should carefully consider the following risk factors and the risk factors incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and all of the other information set forth in this prospectus supplement or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, including our
consolidated financial statements and related notes, before deciding to purchase shares of common stock offered by this prospectus supplement. The risk factors set forth below and the risk factors incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement primarily relate to the business of Lazard Group. These risks also affect Lazard Ltd because Lazard Ltd has no material assets other than indirect ownership of approximately 72.1% of the common membership interests in Lazard Group as of
September 8, 2009 (or approximately 74.4% of the common membership interests in Lazard Group after this offering) and its controlling interest in Lazard Group. For a discussion of the risks related to our business see "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following risk factors and the risk factors incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement describe material risks of which we are aware. If any of the events or developments
described below actually occurred, our business, financial condition or results of operations would likely suffer.
Risks Related to this Offering
The market price and trading volume of our common stock may be volatile, and you may not be able to resell your shares at or above the public offering price.
The price of our common stock in this offering was determined through negotiations between us and the underwriter. The negotiated price of this offering may not be
indicative of the market price of the common stock after this offering. The market price of our common stock will likely continue to fluctuate in response to the following factors, some of which are beyond our control, including the following:
|
● |
quarterly fluctuations in our operating results, |
|
|
changes in investors' and analysts' perception of the business risks and conditions of our business, |
|
|
broader market fluctuations, |
|
|
general economic and political conditions, |
|
|
acquisitions and financings, including the potential issuance of a substantial number of shares of our common stock as consideration for past or future acquisitions and other transactions, |
|
|
the issuance of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in exchange for a reduction of debt upon conversion of any portion of the $150 million convertible note held by Intesa, and further exchanges of the LAZ-MD Holdings exchangeable interests, |
|
|
sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock held by the existing security holders in the public market, including shares issued upon vesting of outstanding restricted stock units, and |
|
|
general conditions in the financial services industry. |
As a result, shares of our common stock may trade at prices significantly below the price of this offering. Declines in the price of our common stock may adversely affect our ability to recruit and retain key employees, including our managing directors and other key professional employees.
Should we be liquidated at our book value, investors would not receive the full amount of their investment.
The market price per share of our common stock exceeds the book value per share of our common stock. Accordingly, should we be liquidated at our book value, investors would not receive the full amount of their investment.
Our share price may decline due to the large number of shares eligible for future sale and for exchange.
Immediately after this offering, our authorized and unissued shares of common stock will include approximately 31,588,352 shares of our common stock underlying the outstanding LAZ-MD Holdings exchangeable membership interests, 19,814,415 shares of our common stock underlying the restricted stock
units and deferred stock units that have thus far been granted pursuant to our 2005 Equity Incentive Plan, 7,699,898 shares of our common stock underlying the restricted stock units and deferred stock units that have thus far been granted pursuant to our 2008 Incentive Compensation Plan, 2,631,570 shares of our common stock issuable or otherwise deliverable upon conversion of the $150 million convertible note held by Intesa, 2,201,457 shares of our common stock (subject to upward adjustment to account for
certain cash dividends) that were issuable in connection with the LAM Merger, the following shares which are issuable in connection with the acquisitions of CWC and GAHL: (A) 662,015 shares of our common stock that are issuable on a non-contingent basis, (B) shares of our common stock that are issuable upon the non-contingent conversion of 9,724 shares of our Series A preferred stock, with the number of shares of our common stock dependent, in part, upon future prices of our common stock
and (C) 948,631 shares of our common stock that are contingently issuable and 22,021 shares of our Series A preferred stock that are contingently convertible into shares of our common stock, with the number of such shares of our common stock dependent upon the future performance of GAHL and CWC, and up to 1,142,857 shares of our common stock issuable in connection with the Edgewater acquisition, which shares will be issued and paid only if certain performance thresholds for the next two Edgewater funds
are met. We cannot predict the effect, if any, that market sales of those shares of common stock, the possibility of such sales or the availability of those shares of common stock for sale will have on the market price of our common stock or our ability to raise capital through the issuance of equity securities from time to time.
As reflected in the table below, LAZ-MD Holdings exchangeable interests are effectively exchangeable into our common stock, and thereafter that common stock will become available for sale in significant numbers. In addition, LAZ-MD Holdings and certain of our subsidiaries, with the consent
of the Lazard Ltd board of directors, have the right to cause the holders of LAZ-MD Holdings exchangeable interests to exchange all such remaining interests during the 30-day period following May 10, 2014 and under certain other circumstances. For a discussion of these exchange and transfer restrictions, see "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions—Relationship with LAZ-MD Holdings and LFCM Holdings—Master Separation Agreement" in our Proxy Statement. From time to
time, we expect to register the shares received by the working members pursuant to the exchange of LAZ-MD Holdings exchangeable interests for resale, as reflected in the table below, by such working members. Persons exchanging their LAZ-MD Holdings exchangeable interests are likely to sell all or a portion of their common stock promptly after exchange to provide liquidity to cover any taxes that may be payable upon such exchange or to diversify their portfolios.
The following table reflects the timetable for exchangeability of the LAZ-MD Holdings exchangeable interests. As described below, exchangeability may be accelerated under certain circumstances as described in "Compensation of Executive Officers—Grants of Plan Based Awards—Retention
Agreements with Named Executive Officers", "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions—LAZ-MD Holdings Stockholders' Agreement" and "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions—Relationship with LAZ-MD Holdings and LFCM Holdings—Master Separation Agreement—LAZ-MD Holdings Exchangeable Interests" in our Proxy Statement.
|
|
Number of additional shares of our common stock
that are expected to become available for exchange
under LAZ-MD Holdings exchangeable interests |
|
Dates after which exchangeability is allowed |
|
Prior to this Offering |
|
|
After this Offering |
|
On or before May 10, 2009 |
|
|
11,175,848 |
|
|
|
8,370,928 |
|
May 10, 2010 |
|
|
18,677,511 |
|
|
|
18,677,511 |
|
May 10, 2011 |
|
|
395,393 |
|
|
|
395,393 |
|
May 10, 2012 |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
May 10, 2013 |
|
|
4,144,520 |
|
|
|
4,144,520 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
34,393,272 |
|
|
|
31,588,352 |
|
Lazard Ltd's only material asset is its indirect interests in Lazard Group, and it is accordingly dependent upon distributions from Lazard Group to pay dividends and taxes and other expenses.
Lazard Ltd is a holding company and, as of September 8, 2009, had no material assets other than the indirect ownership of approximately 72.1% of the common membership interests of Lazard Group as of September 8, 2009 (or approximately 74.4% of the common membership interests of Lazard Group after this
offering), and indirect control of both of the managing members of Lazard Group. Lazard Ltd controls Lazard Group through this managing member position. Lazard Ltd has no independent means of generating revenue. Our wholly-owned subsidiaries incur income taxes on their proportionate share of any net taxable income of Lazard Group in their respective tax jurisdictions. We intend to continue to cause Lazard Group to make distributions to its members, including our wholly-owned
subsidiaries, in an amount sufficient to cover all applicable taxes payable by us and dividends, if any, declared by us. To the extent that our subsidiaries need funds to pay taxes on their share of Lazard Group's net taxable income, or if Lazard Ltd needs funds for any other purpose, and Lazard Group is restricted from making such distributions under applicable law or regulation, or is otherwise unable to provide such funds, it could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or
results of operations. See "Price Range of Our Common Stock and Dividend Policy".
Lazard Ltd may issue preference shares and our bye-laws and Bermuda law may discourage takeovers, which could affect the rights of holders of our common stock.
The ownership of the Class B common stock gives LAZ-MD Holdings and, through the LAZ-MD Holdings stockholders' agreement, the members of LAZ-MD Holdings, control of a substantial portion of the total voting power of Lazard Ltd, which could, among other things, impede a change in control of Lazard Ltd
without LAZ-MD Holdings' consent. We currently have 15,000,000 authorized preference shares, of which 31,745 shares of non-participating convertible Series A preferred stock are issued and outstanding. Our board of directors currently has the authority to issue up to 14,968,255 preference shares without any further vote or action by the shareholders, in accordance with the provisions of our bye-laws. Since the preference shares could be issued with liquidation, dividend and other
rights superior to those of our common stock, the rights of the holders of our common stock will be subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of any such preference shares. The issuance of preference shares could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire a majority of our outstanding voting stock. Further, the provisions of our bye-laws, including our classified board of directors and the ability of shareholders to remove directors
only for cause, and of Bermuda law, could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of Lazard Ltd.
Lazard Ltd is incorporated in Bermuda, and a significant portion of its assets are located outside the U.S. As a result, it may not be possible for shareholders of Lazard Ltd to enforce civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal or state securities laws.
Lazard Ltd is incorporated under the laws of Bermuda, and a significant portion of its assets are located outside the U.S. It may not be possible to enforce court judgments obtained in the U.S. against Lazard Ltd in Bermuda,
or in countries other than the U.S. where Lazard Ltd has assets, based on the civil liability provisions of the federal or state securities laws of the U.S. In addition, there is some doubt as to whether the courts of Bermuda and other countries would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtained against Lazard Ltd or its directors or officers based on the civil liabilities provisions of the federal or state securities laws of the U.S. or would hear actions against Lazard Ltd or those persons
based on those laws. Lazard Ltd has been advised by its legal advisors in Bermuda that the U.S. and Bermuda do not currently have a treaty providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters. Therefore, a final judgment for the payment of money rendered by any federal or state court in the U.S. based on civil liability, whether or not based solely on U.S. federal or state securities laws, would
not automatically be enforceable in Bermuda. Similarly, those judgments may not be enforceable in countries other than the U.S. where we have assets.
Bermuda law differs from the laws in effect in the U.S. and may afford less protection to our shareholders.
Our shareholders may have more difficulty protecting their interests than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a jurisdiction of the U.S. As a Bermuda company, Lazard Ltd is governed by the Companies Act 1981 of Bermuda, which we refer to in this prospectus supplement as the
"Companies Act". The Companies Act differs in some material respects from laws generally applicable to U.S. corporations and shareholders, including the provisions relating to interested directors, mergers, amalgamations and acquisitions, takeovers, shareholder lawsuits and indemnification of directors.
Under Bermuda law, the duties of directors and officers of a company are generally owed to the company only. Shareholders of Bermuda companies generally do not have rights to take action against directors or officers of the company, and may only do so in limited circumstances. Officers
of a Bermuda company must, in exercising their powers and performing their duties, act honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the company and must exercise the care and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Directors have a duty not to put themselves in a position in which their duties to the company and their personal interests may conflict and also are under a duty to disclose any personal interest in any contract or arrangement
with the company or any of its subsidiaries. If a director or officer of a Bermuda company is found to have breached his or her duties to that company, he or she may be held personally liable to the company in respect of that breach of duty. A director may be liable jointly and severally with other directors if it is shown that the director knowingly engaged in fraud or dishonesty. In cases not involving fraud or dishonesty, the liability of the director will be determined by
the Bermuda courts on the basis of their estimation of the percentage of responsibility of the director for the matter in question, in light of the nature of the conduct of the director and the extent of the causal relationship between his or her conduct and the loss suffered.
In addition, our bye-laws provide that no director shall be liable to the Company, any of our shareholders or any other person for the acts, neglects or defaults of any other director, or for any loss or expense happening to the Company through the insufficiency or deficiency of title to any property
acquired by order of the directors for or on behalf of the Company, or for the insufficiency or deficiency of any security in or upon which any of the moneys of the Company shall be invested, or for any loss or damage arising from the bankruptcy, insolvency, or tortuous act of any person with whom any moneys, securities or effects shall be deposited, or for any loss occasioned by any error of judgment, omission, default, or oversight on his or her part, or for any other loss, damage, or misfortune whatever which
shall happen in relation to the execution of the duties of his or her office, provided that such provisions shall not extend to any matter which would render any of them void under the Companies Act.
There are provisions in our bye-laws that may require certain of our non-U.S. shareholders to sell their shares to Lazard Ltd or to a third party.
Our bye-laws provide that if our board of directors determines that we or any of our subsidiaries do not meet, or in the absence of repurchases of shares will fail to meet, the ownership requirements of a limitation on benefits article of any bilateral income tax treaty with the U.S. applicable to us,
and that such tax treaty would provide material benefits to us or any of our subsidiaries, we generally have the right, but not the obligation, to repurchase at fair market value (as determined in the good faith discretion of our board of directors) shares of our common stock from any shareholder who beneficially owns more than 0.25% of the outstanding shares of our common stock and who fails to demonstrate to our satisfaction that such shareholder is either (a) a U.S. citizen or (b) a qualified resident
of the U.S. or the other contracting state of the applicable tax treaty (as determined for purposes of the relevant provision of the limitation on benefits article of such treaty). Natixis S.A. ("Natixis") is not subject to this repurchase right with respect to the 6,999,800 aggregate number of shares it acquired pursuant to certain transactions between us and IXIS-Corporate & Investment Bank (now known as Natixis) in May 2005, which we refer to as the "Natixis placements".
The number of shares that may be repurchased from any such shareholder will equal the product of the total number of shares that Lazard Ltd reasonably determines to purchase to ensure ongoing satisfaction of the limitation on benefits article of the applicable tax treaty, multiplied by a fraction, the
numerator of which is the number of shares beneficially owned by such shareholder (other than the 6,999,800 aggregate number of shares Natixis acquired pursuant to the Natixis placements), and the denominator of which is the total number of shares (reduced by the aggregate number of shares Natixis acquired pursuant to the Natixis placements) beneficially owned by such shareholders subject to this repurchase right.
Instead of exercising the repurchase right described above, Lazard Ltd will have the right, but not the obligation, to cause the transfer to, and procure the purchase by, any U.S. citizen or a qualified resident of the U.S. or the other contracting state of the applicable tax treaty (as determined for
purposes of the relevant provision of the limitation on benefits article of such treaty) of the number of outstanding shares beneficially owned by any shareholder that are otherwise subject to repurchase under our bye-laws as described above, at fair market value (as determined in the good faith discretion of our board of directors).
Future U.S. tax legislative agenda is unknown at the present time.
On May 4, 2009, President Obama outlined his agenda for future tax legislation. The outline included various proposals that may be relevant to Lazard, including proposals that would (i) limit the deduction of certain related party interest; (ii) limit the use of the "check-the-box"
election to defer U.S. tax on the earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries; (iii) limit the use of foreign tax credits to reduce residual U.S. tax on non-U.S. source income; (iv) limit the deferral of U.S. tax on non-U.S. source income; (v) defer the deduction of interest and certain other expenses attributable to non-U.S. source income of foreign subsidiaries; and (vi) repeal the current law exemption from withholding tax for interest and dividends paid by a domestic "80/20" company. Each
of these proposals would be effective only for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2010. Other members of Congress have also introduced bills that may have the effect of reducing certain tax treaty benefits or the classification of certain foreign entities as U.S. corporations. We are currently unable to predict whether any such new tax legislation, if and when it becomes effective, will materially adversely affect Lazard Ltd's tax rate.
This prospectus supplement and the information incorporated herein by reference include forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. We have made statements in this prospectus supplement and in the information
incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement under the captions "Prospectus Supplement Summary" and "Risk Factors", and in other sections of this prospectus supplement that are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as "may", "might", "will", "should", "expect", "plan", "anticipate", "believe", "estimate", "predict", "potential" or "continue", and the negative of these terms and other comparable terminology. These
forward-looking statements, which are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us, may include projections of our future financial performance based on our growth strategies and anticipated trends in our business. These statements are only predictions based on our current expectations and projections about future events. There are important factors that could cause our actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from
the results, level of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In particular, you should consider the numerous risks and uncertainties outlined in "Risk Factors" above or incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement, including the following:
|
|
a decline in general economic conditions or the global financial markets, |
|
|
losses caused by financial or other problems experienced by third parties, |
|
|
losses due to unidentified or unanticipated risks, |
|
|
a lack of liquidity, i.e., ready access to funds, for use in our businesses, and |
|
|
competitive pressure on our businesses and on our ability to retain our employees. |
These risks and uncertainties are not exhaustive. Other sections of this prospectus supplement may include additional factors which could adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New
risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for our management to predict all risks and uncertainties, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.
Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of any of these
forward-looking statements. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We are under no duty to update any of these forward-looking statements after the date of this prospectus supplement to conform our prior statements to actual results or revised expectations and we do not intend to do so.
Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about the:
|
|
business' possible or assumed future results of operations and operating cash flows, |
|
|
business' strategies and investment policies, |
|
|
business' financing plans and the availability of short-term borrowing, |
|
|
business' competitive position, |
|
|
future acquisitions, including the consideration to be paid and the timing of consummation, |
|
|
potential growth opportunities available to our businesses, |
|
|
recruitment and retention of our managing directors and employees, |
|
|
target levels of compensation expense, |
|
|
business' potential operating performance, achievements, productivity improvements, efficiency and cost reduction efforts, |
|
|
likelihood of success and impact of litigation, |
|
|
changes in interest and tax rates, |
|
|
expectation with respect to the economy, securities markets, the market for mergers and acquisitions activity, the market for asset management activity and other industry trends, |
|
|
effects of competition on our business, and |
|
|
impact of future legislation and regulation on our business. |
We are committed to providing timely and accurate information to the investing public, consistent with our legal and regulatory obligations. To that end, we use our websites to convey information about our businesses, including the anticipated release of quarterly financial results, quarterly
financial, statistical and business-related information, and the posting of updates of assets under management in various mutual funds, hedge funds and other investment products managed by LAM and its subsidiaries. Monthly updates of these funds are posted to the LAM website (www.lazardnet.com) on the third business day following the end of each month. Investors can link to Lazard Ltd, Lazard Group and their operating company websites
through http://www.lazard.com. Our websites and the information contained therein or connected thereto shall not be deemed to be incorporated into this prospectus supplement and you should not rely on any such information in making your decision whether to purchase our common stock.
We will not receive any net proceeds from the sales of common stock offered by the selling shareholders. We have agreed to pay the expenses of the selling shareholders in this offering, other than the custodial fees applicable to the shares they sell.
Price Range of Our Common Stock
Our Class A common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "LAZ". There is no public trading market for our Class B common stock, which is held by LAZ-MD Holdings. The following table sets forth, for the fiscal quarters indicated, the high and low sales
prices per share of our Class A common stock, as reported in the consolidated transaction reporting system, and the quarterly dividends declared since the first quarter of 2006.
|
|
Sales Price |
|
|
Dividends per Share of Common Stock |
|
|
|
High |
|
|
Low |
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Third quarter (until September 4, 2009) |
|
$ |
39.97 |
|
|
$ |
25.79 |
|
|
$ |
0.125 |
|
Second quarter |
|
$ |
34.10 |
|
|
$ |
25.20 |
|
|
$ |
0.10 |
|
First quarter |
|
$ |
31.94 |
|
|
$ |
20.55 |
|
|
$ |
0.10 |
|
2008 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fourth quarter |
|
$ |
44.29 |
|
|
$ |
19.17 |
|
|
$ |
0.10 |
|
Third quarter |
|
$ |
50.00 |
|
|
$ |
30.96 |
|
|
$ |
0.10 |
|
Second quarter |
|
$ |
41.85 |
|
|
$ |
32.84 |
|
|
$ |
0.10 |
|
First quarter |
|
$ |
43.58 |
|
|
$ |
29.00 |
|
|
$ |
0.10 |
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fourth quarter |
|
$ |
52.89 |
|
|
$ |
38.36 |
|
|
$ |
0.09 |
|
Third quarter |
|
$ |
49.75 |
|
|
$ |
34.72 |
|
|
$ |
0.09 |
|
Second quarter |
|
$ |
56.25 |
|
|
$ |
43.88 |
|
|
$ |
0.09 |
|
First quarter |
|
$ |
56.90 |
|
|
$ |
46.33 |
|
|
$ |
0.09 |
|
2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fourth quarter |
|
$ |
49.28 |
|
|
$ |
38.15 |
|
|
$ |
0.09 |
|
Third quarter |
|
$ |
42.05 |
|
|
$ |
33.75 |
|
|
$ |
0.09 |
|
Second quarter |
|
$ |
48.90 |
|
|
$ |
35.22 |
|
|
$ |
0.09 |
|
First quarter |
|
$ |
46.06 |
|
|
$ |
31.00 |
|
|
$ |
0.09 |
|
As of September 4, 2009, there were approximately 163 holders of record of our Class A common stock. This does not include the number of shareholders that hold
shares in "street-name" through banks or broker-dealers.
On September 4, 2009, the last reported sales price for our Class A common stock on the New York Stock Exchange was $38.10 per share.
Dividend Policy
Subject to compliance with applicable law, we currently intend to declare quarterly dividends on all outstanding shares of our Class A common stock. The Class B common stock is not entitled to dividend rights.
On January 27, 2009, April 27, 2009 and July 28, 2009, our board of directors declared a dividend of $0.10, $0.10 and $0.125 per share, respectively, which was paid on February 27, 2009, May 29, 2009 and August 28, 2009, respectively, to stockholders of record as of February 6, 2009, May
8, 2009 and August 7, 2009, respectively.
The declaration of any dividends and, if declared, the amount of any such dividend, will be subject to the actual future earnings, cash flow and capital requirements of our company, to the amount of distributions to us from Lazard Group and to the discretion of our board of directors. Our board
of directors will take into account:
|
|
general economic and business conditions, |
|
|
the financial results of our company and Lazard Group, |
|
|
capital requirements of the Company and our subsidiaries (including Lazard Group), |
|
|
contractual, legal, tax and regulatory restrictions and implications on the payment of dividends by us to our shareholders or by our subsidiaries (including Lazard Group) to us, and |
|
|
such other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant. |
We are a holding company and have no direct operations. As a result, we depend upon distributions from Lazard Group to pay any dividends. We expect to continue to cause Lazard Group to pay distributions to us in order to fund any such dividends, subject to applicable law and the
other considerations discussed above. In addition, as managing directors and other members of LAZ-MD Holdings convert their exchangeable interests into shares of our common stock, the number of our outstanding shares will increase, thereby diluting each shareholder's proportional interests in the excess cash held by us to the extent that we retain excess cash balances or acquire additional assets with excess cash balances. For a discussion of Lazard Group's cash distribution policy, see
"The Separation and Recapitalization Transactions and the Lazard Organizational Structure" in our S-1 Registration Statement.
Additionally, we are subject to Bermuda legal constraints that may affect our ability to pay dividends on our common stock and make other payments. Under the Companies Act, we may declare or pay a dividend out of distributable reserves only if we have reasonable grounds for believing that we
are, or would after the payment be, able to pay our liabilities as they become due and if the realizable value of our assets would thereby not be less than the aggregate of our liabilities and issued share capital and share premium accounts.
The selling shareholders listed below include current and former managing directors of Lazard (including certain executive officers) who hold LAZ-MD Holdings exchangeable interests and common stock. The selling shareholders are selling an aggregate of 5,215,921 shares of our common stock pursuant
to this prospectus supplement.
The current and former managing directors listed below are selling an aggregate of 5,215,921 shares of our common stock upon the exchange of an aggregate of 2,804,920 LAZ-MD Holdings exchangeable interests (with the remaining 2,411,001 shares to be sold by current and former managing directors having
been issued in connection with prior exchanges of LAZ-MD Holdings exchangeable interests). These LAZ-MD Holdings exchangeable interests will be exchanged immediately prior to the consummation of this offering. See "Description of Our Common Stock—Registration Rights".
Neither Bruce Wasserstein nor any of the trusts created for the benefit of Mr. Wasserstein's family (which, as of the date of this prospectus supplement, in the aggregate, own 1,878,595 shares of our common stock and LAZ-MD Holdings exchangeable interests that are exchangeable into 9,958,196 shares
of our common stock) nor any member of the Company's board of directors (other than Vernon E. Jordan, Jr.) are selling any shares in this offering. Mr. Wasserstein also holds 4,406,440 non-vested restricted stock units, which represent a contingent right to receive an equivalent number of shares of our common stock. Similarly, Natixis is not selling any of its 6,999,800 shares of our common stock in this offering.
The shares being sold by our current and former managing directors (including certain executive officers) upon the exchange of an aggregate of 2,804,920 LAZ-MD Holdings exchangeable interests represent approximately 8.2% of the LAZ-MD Holdings exchangeable interests held by all current and former
managing directors (including our executive officers) as of September 8, 2009. The shares being sold by the current and former managing directors will have been issued pursuant to, and in accordance with the exchange schedule in, agreements that were entered into in connection with the initial public offering of our Class A common stock on May 10, 2005.
The following table sets forth as of the date of this prospectus supplement certain information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock by the selling shareholders:
|
|
the number of shares beneficially owned immediately prior to the consummation of this offering, |
|
|
the number of shares to be sold in this offering, and |
|
|
the adjusted number of shares beneficially owned, reflecting the sale of the shares sold in this offering. |
Each selling shareholder, except as noted in the table below, is a current or former managing director of Lazard or companies formerly affiliated with Lazard. To our knowledge, and pursuant to applicable community property laws, the persons named in the table below and their applicable family
trusts and grantor retained annuity trusts (and similar entities) have beneficial ownership of the common stock and LAZ-MD Holdings exchangeable interests held by them. The table below assumes the full exchange of all LAZ-MD Holdings exchangeable interests, including those proposed to be sold in this offering, into shares of our common stock. The address for each selling shareholder is: c/o Lazard Group LLC, 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York, New York 10020.
|
|
Prior to this Offering |
|
Sold in this Offering |
|
After this Offering |
|
Selling Shareholders (a) |
|
Shares
of
Common
Stock |
|
|
Percentage
of
Common
Stock |
|
Shares
of
Common
Stock |
|
Percentage
of
Common
Stock |
|
Shares
of
Common
Stock |
|
Percentage
of
Common
Stock |
|
Executive Officers and Directors: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mr. Michael J. Castellano |
|
|
254,544 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Steven J. Golub |
|
|
835,770 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Scott D. Hoffman |
|
|
312,016 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Vernon E. Jordan, Jr. |
|
|
217,282 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Alexander F. Stern |
|
|
128,151 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Charles G. Ward III |
|
|
741,559 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current and Former Managing Directors: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mr. John Adams |
|
|
293,083 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Marcus A.P. Agius |
|
|
737,444 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Rajesh Alva |
|
|
63,912 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Daniel Aronson |
|
|
6,146 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Bertrand Badre |
|
|
34,346 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Jerome Balladur |
|
|
11,505 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Scott P. Barasch |
|
|
65,190 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Christian Benezit |
|
|
65,190 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Jason Bernhard |
|
|
147,489 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Antoine Bernheim |
|
|
54,326 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Ashish Bhutani |
|
|
368,722 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Jonathan Biele |
|
|
38,161 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. George W. Bilicic, Jr. |
|
|
294,978 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Mark Burrows |
|
|
62,481 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Stephen P. Campbell |
|
|
245,814 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. John G. Chachas |
|
|
110,991 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Jacques A. Drouin |
|
|
103,488 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Stephane Droulers |
|
|
184,656 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Andre Dupont-Jubien |
|
|
108,650 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Francois-Marc Durand |
|
|
169,174 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Walter A. Eberstadt |
|
|
5,408 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Gilles Etrillard |
|
|
173,792 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Simon M. Furie |
|
|
61,453 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Albert H. Garner |
|
|
245,814 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Paul Gismondi |
|
|
73,745 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. David Gluckman |
|
|
39,331 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Laurence Grafstein |
|
|
304,810 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Jonathan Hack |
|
|
73,745 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Paul J. Haigney |
|
|
315,576 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Eric Hanson |
|
|
154,912 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Jean-Yves Helmer |
|
|
130,331 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Kenneth M. Jacobs |
|
|
1,114,443 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Matthew J. Jarman |
|
|
16,600 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Nicholas M. H. Jones |
|
|
271,576 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Jonathan H. Kagan |
|
|
24,582 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. James L. Kempner |
|
|
146,727 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Peter A. Kiernan |
|
|
103,242 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. James Clayton Kingsbery |
|
|
147,489 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Richard J. Kradjel |
|
|
30,643 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. David S. Kurtz |
|
|
216,318 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mrs. Michele Charles Lamarche |
|
|
11,307 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. James J. Langel |
|
|
65,190 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Robert C. Larson |
|
|
54,326 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Carmine Lizza |
|
|
6,146 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
Prior to this Offering |
|
Sold in this Offering |
|
After this Offering |
|
Selling Shareholders (a) |
|
Shares
of
Common
Stock |
|
|
Percentage
of
Common
Stock |
|
Shares
of
Common
Stock |
|
Percentage
of
Common
Stock |
|
Shares
of
Common
Stock |
|
Percentage
of
Common
Stock |
|
Mr. David Low |
|
|
98,325 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Matthew J. Lustig |
|
|
397,039 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Erik Maris |
|
|
233,819 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Mark T. McMaster |
|
|
222,275 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Richard W. Moore, Jr. |
|
|
84,408 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Ms. Virginie Morgon |
|
|
192,179 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Daniel Motulsky |
|
|
196,652 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Trevor Nash |
|
|
49,163 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Andrew Nason |
|
|
73,745 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Ms. Amelie Negrier |
|
|
56,537 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Alasdair Nisbet |
|
|
122,908 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Blake O'Dowd |
|
|
95,403 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
The Estate of Mr. Stanley de J. Osborne |
|
|
5,409 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Gary W. Parr |
|
|
837,279 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Mark Pensaert |
|
|
76,321 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Sven Peter |
|
|
24,583 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Matthieu Pigasse |
|
|
406,018 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Thomas Piquemal |
|
|
196,652 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Russell E. Planitzer |
|
|
34,756 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Georges Ralli |
|
|
617,092 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Marko C. Remec |
|
|
122,908 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. William H. Riddle, Jr. |
|
|
110,617 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Barry W. Ridings |
|
|
543,898 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Jeffrey A. Rosen |
|
|
905,650 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Laurent Rossetti |
|
|
105,700 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. William J. Rucker |
|
|
319,559 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. William Samuel |
|
|
147,489 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Stephen H. Sands |
|
|
258,105 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Frank A. Savage |
|
|
543,898 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Jeffrey R. Sechrest |
|
|
180,210 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Joel Sendek |
|
|
22,794 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Nicholas R. Shott |
|
|
183,235 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Evan W. Siddall |
|
|
61,453 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Gilles Smertnik |
|
|
89,731 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Peter L. Smith |
|
|
10,865 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Ms. Alexandra Soto |
|
|
99,210 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Richard Stables |
|
|
73,745 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Benjamin J. Sullivan, Jr. |
|
|
110,617 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. David L. Tashjian |
|
|
135,690 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Douglas C. Taylor |
|
|
147,489 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Eytan Tigay |
|
|
122,906 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Ali E. Wambold |
|
|
228,903 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Peter D. Warner |
|
|
122,907 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Antonio F. Weiss |
|
|
294,978 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Richard Wyatt |
|
|
122,908 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Ms. Isabelle Xoual |
|
|
90,154 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Mr. Andrew Yearley |
|
|
29,498 |
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
18,648,254 |
|
|
|
15.13 |
% |
5,215,921 |
|
|
4.23 |
% |
13,432,333 |
|
|
10.90 |
% |
|
|
* Less than 1% beneficially owned.
|
(a) |
Includes shares of our common stock that are issuable upon exchange of the LAZ-MD Holdings exchangeable interests held by such person and the family trusts or grantor retained annuity trusts (and similar entities) created by them. These interests are included on an as exchanged basis. Absent an acceleration event and except as
otherwise described in this prospectus supplement, these interests will, to the extent not already exchangeable, generally be exchangeable on the fifth anniversary of our May 2005 equity public offering assuming compliance with covenants. Each selling shareholder's share ownership also includes shares of our common stock underlying restricted stock units issued to such person that will vest within 60 days from the date of this prospectus supplement. See "Risk Factors—Risks Related
to this Offering—Our share price may decline due to the large number of shares eligible for future sale and for exchange." |
|
|
For a discussion of certain relationships and related transactions, including our relationship with LAZ-MD Holdings and LFCM Holdings, the LAZ-MD Holdings Stockholders' Agreement, certain relationships with our directors, executive officers and employees, see "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions"
in our Proxy Statement.
The following summary is a description of the material terms of our share capital. We have filed our certificate of incorporation and memorandum of association and bye-laws as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement
is a part. See "Where You Can Find More Information".
General
Our authorized capital stock consists of 500,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, 1 share of Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share and 15,000,000 preference shares, par value $0.01 per share.
Common Stock
Immediately following the completion of this offering, there will be 91,675,918 shares of Class A common stock issued and outstanding, including 10,318,359 shares of our Class A common stock held by Lazard Group, and one share of Class B common stock issued and outstanding.
Preferred Stock
Immediately following the completion of this offering, there will be 31,745 shares of non-participating convertible Series A preferred stock issued and outstanding.
Voting
Each share of our Class A common stock entitles its holder to one vote per share. Each LAZ-MD Holdings exchangeable interest, all of which are held by the working members, is effectively exchangeable, together with a Lazard Group common interest held by LAZ-MD Holdings, for a share of
our Class A common stock, with such ratio subject to adjustment. The single outstanding share of our high-vote Class B common stock is intended to allow the holders of LAZ-MD Holdings exchangeable interests to individually vote in proportion to their indirect economic interests in Lazard Ltd. For a description of the voting rights of holders of LAZ-MD Holdings exchangeable interests, see "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions—LAZ-MD Holdings Stockholders' Agreement" in
our Proxy Statement. Our Class B common stock has approximately 27.9% of the voting power of Lazard Ltd as of September 8, 2009 (or approximately 25.6% of the voting power of Lazard Ltd after this offering), which percentage will decrease proportionately as Lazard Group common membership interests are exchanged for shares of our Class A common stock. Upon full exchange of the LAZ-MD Holdings exchangeable interests for shares of our Class A common stock, the Class B common stock
would cease to be outstanding, and all of the Lazard Group common membership interests formerly owned by LAZ-MD Holdings would be owned indirectly by Lazard Ltd. We expect that LAZ-MD Holdings will manage its ownership of us so that it will not be deemed to be an "investment company" under the Investment Company Act.
Economic Rights
Pursuant to our bye-laws, each share of our Class A common stock is entitled to equal economic rights. However, the Class B common stock will have no rights to dividends or any liquidation preference. Although the Class B common stock represents approximately 27.9% of the voting
power of Lazard Ltd as of September 8, 2009 (or approximately 25.6% of the voting power of Lazard Ltd after this offering), the Class B common stock will have no economic rights.
Dividends
For a discussion of our dividend policy and Bermuda legal constraints related to the payment of dividends, see "Price Range of Our Common Stock and Dividend Policy" and "—Bermuda Law".
Preference Shares
Pursuant to Bermuda law and our bye-laws, our board of directors by resolution may establish one or more series of preference shares having such number of shares, designations, dividend rates, relative voting rights, conversion or exchange rights, redemption rights, liquidation rights and other relative
participation, optional or other special rights, qualifications, limitations or restrictions as may be fixed by the board of directors without any shareholder approval. Such rights, preferences, powers and limitations as may be established could also have the effect of discouraging an attempt to obtain control of Lazard Ltd. We currently have 15,000,000 authorized preference shares, of which 31,745 shares of non-participating convertible Series A preferred stock are issued and outstanding. Our
board of directors currently has the authority to issue up to 14,968,255 preference shares without any further vote or action by the shareholders, in accordance with the provisions of our bye-laws. We have no present plans to issue any additional preference shares. See "Risk Factors—Risks Related to this Offering—Lazard Ltd may issue preference shares and our bye-laws and Bermuda law may discourage takeovers, which could affect the rights of holders of our common stock".
Acquisition of Shares by Us
Our bye-laws provide that if our board of directors determines that we or any of our subsidiaries do not meet, or in the absence of repurchases of shares will fail to meet, the ownership requirements of a limitation on benefits article of a bilateral income tax treaty with the U.S., and that such tax
treaty would provide material benefits to us or any of our subsidiaries, we generally have the right, but not the obligation, to repurchase at fair market value (as determined in the good faith discretion of our board of directors) shares from any shareholder who beneficially owns more than 0.25% of our outstanding shares and who fails to demonstrate to our satisfaction that such shareholder is either (a) a U.S. citizen or (b) a qualified resident of the U.S. or the other contracting state of the applicable
tax treaty (as determined for purposes of the relevant provision of the limitation on benefits article of such treaty). Natixis is not subject to this repurchase right with respect to the aggregate number of shares it acquired pursuant to the Natixis placements. The number of shares that may be repurchased from any such shareholder will equal the product of the total number of shares that we reasonably determine to purchase to ensure on-going satisfaction of the limitation on benefits article
of the applicable tax treaty, multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of shares beneficially owned by such shareholder and the denominator of which is the total number of shares (reduced by the aggregated number of shares Natixis acquired pursuant to the Natixis placements) beneficially owned by subject shareholders. Instead of exercising the repurchase right described above, we will have the right, but not the obligation, to cause the transfer to, and procure the purchase by,
any U.S. citizen or a qualified resident of the U.S. or the other contracting state of applicable tax treaty of the number of outstanding shares beneficially owned by any shareholder that are otherwise subject to repurchase under our bye-laws as described above, at fair market value (as determined in the good faith discretion of our board of directors).
Share Repurchase Program
Our board of directors has authorized on a cumulative basis the repurchase of up to $500 million in aggregate cost of our Class A common stock and Lazard Group common membership interests through December 31, 2009. We expect that the share repurchase program, with respect to the Class A
common stock, will be used primarily to offset a portion of the shares that have been or will be issued under our 2005 Equity Incentive Plan and 2008 Incentive Compensation Plan. Purchases may be made in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. On September 8, 2009, approximately $49.1 million remained available under the share repurchase program.
Bermuda Law
Our board of directors believes that it is of primary importance that our shareholders are treated fairly and have proper access to and recourse against the Company. Bermuda was chosen as our place of incorporation for several reasons, including its acceptability to our working members, who
are domiciled around the world, and potential investors. Bermuda has an established corporate law which, coupled with the provisions of our bye-laws, we believe provides shareholders with an appropriate level of protection and rights.
We are an exempted company organized under the Companies Act. The rights of our shareholders, including those persons who will become shareholders in connection with this offering, are governed by Bermuda law and our memorandum of association and bye-laws. The Companies Act differs
in some material respects from laws generally applicable to U.S. corporations and their shareholders. For a summary of the material provisions of Bermuda law and our organizational documents please see "Description of Capital Stock—Bermuda Law" in our S-1 Registration Statement.
Registration Rights
For a description of registration rights available under the LAZ-MD Holdings stockholders' agreement, see "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions—LAZ-MD Holdings Stockholders' Agreement" in our Proxy Statement. For a description of the registration rights that have been granted
to Natixis and that will be granted to Intesa upon the initial conversion of the $150 million convertible note, see "—Natixis Investment in Our Common Stock" and "—Relationship with Intesa", respectively.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
A register of holders of our common stock will be maintained by Codan Services Limited in Bermuda, and a branch register will be maintained in the U.S. by The Bank of New York Mellon, who will serve as branch registrar and transfer agent.
Description of Lazard Group Membership Interests
For a description of Lazard Group membership interests see "Description of Capital Stock—Description of Lazard Group Membership Interests" in our S-1 Registration Statement.
Participatory Interests
For a description of participatory interests see "Description of Capital Stock—Description of Lazard Group Membership Interests" in our S-1 Registration Statement.
Natixis Investment in Our Common Stock
Under the Natixis placements, IXIS-Corporate & Investment Bank (now known as Natixis) participated as an investor in our recapitalization transactions in May 2005, purchasing $150 million of Lazard's equity security units ("ESUs") (which represented a contract to purchase our common stock on May 15,
2008 and a senior note of Lazard Group in an aggregate amount of $150 million) and 2,000,000 shares of our common stock at the equity public offering price of $25 per share. On May 15, 2008, the ESUs held by Natixis were settled and Natixis was issued 4,999,800 shares of common stock. In connection with Natixis's investment, we have agreed that we will nominate one person designated by Natixis to our board of directors until such time as the sum of (a) the shares of our common
stock then owned by Natixis, plus (b) the shares of our common stock issued under the terms of the ESUs then owned by Natixis, constitutes less than 50% of the sum of (x) the shares of our common stock initially purchased by Natixis, plus (y) the shares of our common stock issued under the terms of the ESUs purchased by Natixis. From March 10, 2008 until May 18, 2009, Dominique Ferrero was the Natixis representative on our board of directors. On July 28, 2009, our board
of directors elected Laurent Mignon, Chief Executive Officer of Natixis, as the Natixis representative on our board.
Pursuant to a registration rights agreement, we granted Natixis registration rights with respect to securities purchased by Natixis in connection with the equity public offering and the ESU offering. The Natixis registration rights agreement provides that holders of those securities generally
will have unlimited "piggyback" registration rights. The registration rights agreement also grants Natixis four demand registration rights requiring that we register the shares of our common stock held by Natixis, provided that the amount of securities subject to such demand constitutes at least 25% of the shares of our common stock held by Natixis and has an aggregate market value in excess of $20 million.
Relationship with Intesa
For a description of the termination of Lazard Group's joint venture with Intesa, see Lazard Group's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 17, 2006. See "Where You Can Find More Information". Pursuant to the terms of the $150 million convertible note held by Intesa, we will enter
into a registration rights agreement with Intesa upon the initial conversion of the note. The registration rights agreement will provide that Intesa generally will have unlimited "piggyback" registration rights and additional demand rights.
Delaware Law
The terms of share capital of corporations incorporated in the U.S., including Delaware, differ from corporations incorporated in Bermuda. See "Description of Capital Stock—Delaware Law" in our S-1 Registration
Statement for a discussion highlighting the material differences of the rights of a shareholder of a Delaware corporation compared with the rights of our shareholders under Bermuda law.
The following discussion of our taxation and the taxation of our shareholders does not purport to be a comprehensive discussion of all the tax considerations that may be relevant to your decision to purchase common stock.
The discussion is based upon current law, including the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). Legislative, judicial or administrative changes or interpretations may be forthcoming that could be retroactive and could affect the tax consequences to holders of common stock.
The tax treatment of a holder of common stock, or of a person treated as a holder of common stock for U.S. federal income, state, local or foreign tax purposes, may vary depending on the holder's particular tax situation. Statements contained herein as to the beliefs, expectations and conditions
of Lazard and its subsidiaries, as they relate to the application of such tax laws or facts, represent the view of management and do not represent the opinions of counsel.
Prospective investors (including all Non-U.S. Persons as defined below) should consult their own tax advisors concerning the U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of owning common shares under the laws of their countries of citizenship,
residence, ordinary residence or domicile, including any information reporting obligations that may be imposed on an investor.
Taxation of Lazard and Its Subsidiaries
Bermuda
At the present time, Lazard Ltd is not subject to any Bermuda income or profits tax, withholding tax, capital gains tax, capital transfer tax, estate duty or inheritance tax. Lazard Ltd has obtained an assurance from the Minister of Finance of Bermuda under the Exempted Undertakings Tax Protection
Act 1966 that, in the event that any legislation is enacted in Bermuda imposing any tax computed on profits or income, or computed on any capital asset, gain or appreciation or any tax in the nature of estate duty or inheritance tax, such tax shall not, until March 28, 2016, be applicable to us, to any of our operations or to our shares, debentures or other obligations, except insofar as such tax applies to persons ordinarily resident in Bermuda or to any taxes payable by us in respect of real property owned
or leased by us in Bermuda.
United States
Partnership Status of Lazard Ltd. In connection with our formation, we made an election to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. An entity that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal
income tax purposes is not a taxable entity and incurs no U.S. federal income tax liability. Instead, each partner is required to take into account its allocable share of items of income, gain, loss and deduction of the partnership in computing its U.S. federal income tax liability, regardless of whether cash distributions are made. Distributions of cash by a partnership to a partner are generally not taxable unless the amount of cash distributed to a partner is in excess of the partner's
adjusted basis in its partnership interest.
Because Lazard Ltd is a "publicly traded partnership" within the meaning of Section 7704(b) of the Code, Lazard Ltd will be taxable as a corporation unless 90% or more of its gross income (which does not include the income of its corporate subsidiaries) for each taxable year beginning with the year
of our equity public offering is "qualifying income". For this purpose, qualifying income includes interest (other than interest derived in the conduct of a financial business), dividends and gains from capital assets held for the production of interest or dividends. Although certain of Lazard Group's corporate subsidiaries will conduct a financial business (which gives rise to income that would not be qualifying income), Lazard Ltd does not believe, on the basis of all the facts and circumstances,
that it will be treated as conducting a financial business within the meaning of Section 7704 of the Code. However, the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") may challenge this position. While we intend to manage our affairs so that Lazard Ltd will meet the 90% test in each taxable year, we may not be able to do so.
The remainder of this discussion assumes that Lazard Ltd will be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
U.S. Subsidiaries and Effectively Connected Income of Non-U.S. Subsidiaries. Lazard Group has been structured as a limited liability company, and is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As members
of Lazard Group, certain U.S. subsidiaries of Lazard Ltd will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis on their share of the income of Lazard Group and its subsidiaries. In addition, certain non-U.S. subsidiaries of Lazard Ltd will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis on the income of Lazard Group and its subsidiaries that is "effectively connected" with their conduct of a trade or business in the U.S. In addition, those non-U.S. Lazard
Ltd subsidiaries will be subject to a "branch profits" tax on their "effectively connected earnings and profits" (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), with certain adjustments, and a U.S. withholding tax on certain U.S. source income that is not "effectively connected" with a U.S. trade or business. The branch profits tax and the U.S. withholding tax are imposed at a rate of 30%, unless an applicable income tax treaty provides for a lower rate. The eligibility of our non-U.S.
subsidiaries for treaty benefits depends upon their being "qualified residents" of their country, which in turn depends upon, among other things, at least 50% of the principal class of their shares being considered "ultimately owned" by U.S. citizens or persons that are "qualified residents" of the U.S. or of the treaty partner. We expect that these non-U.S. subsidiaries were eligible for benefits under the income tax treaty between the U.S. and the relevant foreign country at the time of our equity
public offering, which provides for a maximum branch profits tax rate of 5% and a withholding tax rate of 0%. This requirement may not, however, be satisfied in any taxable year and we may not be able to document that fact to the satisfaction of the IRS.
Legislation enacted in 2004 provides that non-U.S. corporations meeting certain ownership, operational and other tests may be treated as U.S. corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, thus, be subject to U.S. federal income tax on their worldwide income. Lazard Ltd does not believe
this legislation applies to Lazard Ltd or its non-U.S. subsidiaries. See "Risk Factors—In the event of a change or adverse interpretation of relevant income tax law, regulation or treaty, or a failure to qualify for treaty benefits, our overall tax rate may be substantially higher than the rate used for purposes of our consolidated financial statements", in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Personal Holding Companies. Any of our U.S. subsidiaries could be subject to additional U.S. tax on a portion of its income if any of them is considered to be a personal holding company, or "PHC", for U.S. federal income tax
purposes. A U.S. corporation generally will be classified as a PHC for U.S. federal income tax purposes in a given taxable year if (1) at any time during the last half of such taxable year, five or fewer individuals (without regard to their citizenship or residency and including as individuals for this purpose certain entities such as certain tax-exempt organizations and pension funds) own or are deemed to own (pursuant to certain constructive ownership rules) more than 50% of the stock of the
corporation by value and (2) at least 60% of the corporation's adjusted ordinary gross income, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, for such taxable year consists of "PHC income" (which includes, among other things, dividends, interest, royalties, annuities and, under certain circumstances, rents). The PHC rules do not apply to non-U.S. corporations.
We believe that five or fewer individuals or tax-exempt organizations will be treated as owning more than 50% of the value of our shares. Consequently, one or more of our U.S. subsidiaries could be or become PHCs, depending on whether any such subsidiaries satisfy the PHC gross income test. We
intend to cause our subsidiaries to manage their affairs in a manner that reduces the possibility that any of them will meet the 60% income threshold. We cannot be certain, however, that our subsidiaries will not become PHCs following this offering or in the future.
If any of our U.S. subsidiaries is or were to become a PHC in a given taxable year, such company would be subject to an additional 15% PHC tax on its "undistributed PHC income", which generally includes the company's taxable income, subject to certain adjustments. For taxable years beginning
after December 31, 2010, the PHC tax rate on "undistributed PHC income" will be equal to the highest marginal rate on ordinary income applicable to individuals. Consequently, if our U.S. subsidiaries were to become PHCs, the amount of PHC income and the U.S. tax imposed on such income may be material.
Taxation of Shareholders
Bermuda Taxation
Under current Bermuda law, there is no Bermuda income or profits tax, withholding tax, capital gains tax, capital transfer tax, estate duty or inheritance tax payable by our shareholders in respect of our common stock.
U.S. Federal Income Taxation
The following discussion sets forth the material U.S. federal income tax considerations related to the purchase, ownership and disposition of our common stock. Unless otherwise stated, this summary deals only with shareholders who are U.S. Persons (as defined below), who purchase their common
stock in this offering, who did not own (directly or indirectly, through foreign entities or constructively) common stock of Lazard Ltd prior to this offering and who hold their common stock as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code.
The discussion does not purport to address all of the U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be relevant to a particular shareholder in light of such shareholder's specific circumstances. For example, if a partnership holds our common stock, the tax treatment of a partner will generally
depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner of a partnership holding common stock, you should consult your tax advisor. In addition, except as expressly stated, the following summary does not address the U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be relevant to special classes of shareholders who may be subject to special rules or treatment under the Code, such as financial institutions, insurance companies, regulated investment companies,
real estate investment trusts, partnerships or other pass-through entities, financial asset securitization investment trusts, dealers or traders in securities, tax-exempt organizations, expatriates, any person who owns or is deemed to own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of shares of Lazard Ltd entitled to vote, any person who holds common stock as part of a hedging or conversion transaction or as part of a short-sale or straddle or any individual who is a non-U.S. Person (as defined
below) and who is present in the U.S. for 183 days or more in a taxable year. Furthermore, the discussion does not include any description of the tax laws of any state or local governments within the U.S. and this discussion does not address any information reporting obligations imposed on our shareholders as a result of the purchase, ownership or disposition of our common stock or any aspects of estate and gift taxation.
For purposes of this discussion, the term "U.S. Person" means (1) a citizen or resident of the U.S., (2) a corporation created or organized in or under the laws of the U.S., or any political subdivision thereof (including the District of Columbia), (3) an estate the income of which is subject
to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source, (4) a trust if either (a) a court within the U.S. is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of such trust and one or more U.S. Persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of such trust or (b) the trust has a valid election in effect to be treated as a U.S. Person for U.S. federal income tax purposes or (5) any other person or entity that is treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes
as if it were one of the foregoing. The term "non-U.S. Person" means any person other than a U.S. Person.
Partner Status. Beneficial owners of shares who are also shareholders of record of Lazard Ltd will be treated as partners of Lazard Ltd for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Beneficial owners whose common stock
is held in street name or by a nominee and who have the right to direct the nominee in the exercise of all substantive rights attendant to the ownership of their common stock also will be treated as partners of Lazard Ltd for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
A beneficial owner of common stock whose common stock has been transferred to a short seller to complete a short sale would appear to lose its status as a partner with respect to this common stock for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Please read "—Treatment of Shares Lent to Short Sellers".
Flow-Through of Taxable Income. Lazard Ltd will not pay any U.S. federal income tax. Instead, each shareholder will be required to report on its U.S. federal income tax return its allocable share of our income,
gains, losses, and deductions without regard to whether corresponding cash distributions are received by that shareholder. Although we generally intend to operate our business so that our only net income consists of dividends received from our subsidiaries (and possibly interest), and we intend to allocate that income to the shareholders of Lazard Ltd to whom it is distributed, a shareholder may be allocated a share of our income even if it has not received a cash distribution. Each shareholder
must include in income its allocable share of our income, gain, loss, and deduction for our taxable year ending with or within such shareholder's taxable year.
We expect that our gross income will be derived principally from distributions on and redemptions of shares of our wholly-owned subsidiaries' stock. Such distributions and redemptions will be taxable as dividend income to the extent of the payor corporation's current and accumulated earnings
and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, then treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of our basis in the payor corporation's stock, and thereafter taxed as capital gain.
To the extent received by Lazard Ltd from a U.S. subsidiary, such dividend income received before 2011 that is allocable to individual Lazard Ltd shareholders that are U.S. Persons should be characterized as "qualified dividend income" and eligible for reduced rates of tax, provided that certain holding
period requirements are satisfied.
Subject to the discussions below relating to the potential application of the passive foreign investment company, or "PFIC", rules to our non-U S. subsidiaries, dividend income received from our non-U.S. subsidiaries before 2011 that is allocable to individual Lazard Ltd shareholders that are U.S. Persons
should be characterized as "qualified dividend income" eligible for reduced rates of tax, provided that certain holding period requirements are satisfied and that the payor corporation is a "qualified resident" of the relevant treaty partner as described above.
Treatment of Distributions. Because of the flow-through of taxable income described above, Lazard Ltd's distributions to a shareholder generally will not be taxable to the shareholder for U.S. federal income tax purposes to
the extent of such shareholder's tax basis in its common shares immediately before the distribution. Our cash distributions in excess of a shareholder's tax basis generally will be considered to be gain from the sale or exchange of the common shares, taxable in accordance with the rules described under "—Dispositions of Common Stock" below. Any reduction in a shareholder's share of our liabilities, if any, for which no partner bears the economic risk of loss, known as "nonrecourse
liabilities", will be treated as a distribution of cash to that shareholder. A decrease in a shareholder's percentage interest in Lazard Ltd because of our issuance of additional common shares would decrease its share of our nonrecourse liabilities, if any, and thus would result in a corresponding deemed distribution of cash. However, we generally intend to operate our business so that Lazard Ltd has no direct "nonrecourse liabilities".
Basis of Common Stock. A shareholder will have an initial tax basis for its common shares equal to the amount it paid for the common stock plus its share of our nonrecourse liabilities, if any. That basis will be
increased by the shareholder's share of Lazard Ltd income and by any increases in its share of our nonrecourse liabilities, if any. That basis will be decreased, but not below zero, by distributions from Lazard Ltd, by the shareholder's share of our losses, by any decrease in its share of our nonrecourse liabilities (if any) and by its share of Lazard Ltd expenditures that are not deductible in computing our taxable income and are not required to be capitalized.
Limitations on Deductibility of Our Losses. Because we do not expect to hold any significant assets other than stock of our subsidiaries, Lazard Ltd will likely incur losses, if any, only under limited circumstances, including,
potentially, upon a sale of some or all of the stock of its subsidiaries. If Lazard Ltd were to incur any losses, a shareholder's use of such losses could be limited under the "at risk" or "passive loss" rules.
The deduction by a shareholder of its share of our losses will be limited to the tax basis in its common stock and, in the case of an individual shareholder or a corporate shareholder that is subject to the "at risk" rules, to the amount for which the shareholder is considered to be "at risk" with respect
to our activities, if that is less than its tax basis. In general, a shareholder will be at risk to the extent of the tax basis of its common stock, excluding any portion of that basis attributable to its share of our nonrecourse liabilities (if any), reduced by any amount of money it borrows to acquire or hold its common stock, if the lender of those borrowed funds owns an interest in Lazard Ltd, is related to the shareholder, or can look only to the common stock for repayment. A shareholder's
at risk amount will generally increase or decrease as the tax basis of the shareholder's common stock increases or decreases. A shareholder must recapture losses deducted in previous years to the extent that distributions cause its at risk amount to be less than zero at the end of any taxable year. Losses disallowed to a shareholder or recaptured as a result of these limitations will carry forward and will be allowable to the extent that its tax basis or at risk amount, whichever is the
limiting factor, subsequently increases. Upon the taxable disposition of common stock, any gain recognized by a shareholder can be offset by losses that were previously suspended by the at risk limitation but may not be offset by losses suspended by the basis limitation. Any excess loss previously suspended by the at risk or basis limitations above that gain may no longer be used.
The passive loss limitations generally provide that individuals, estates, trusts and some closely-held corporations and personal service corporations can deduct losses from passive activities only to the extent of the taxpayer's income from those passive activities. A passive activity is defined
as any activity that involves the conduct of a trade or business in which the taxpayer does not materially participate or any rental activity. We anticipate that the manner in which Lazard Ltd conducts its operations will not constitute the conduct of a trade or business for purposes of the passive activity loss rules. Consequently, these rules are not expected to apply to holders of our common stock. We cannot be certain, however, that our manner of operations will not change
and that holders of our common stock will not become subject to the passive activity loss rules following this offering or in the future.
Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors as to the effects of the at risk and/or passive activity loss rules and any other limitations of deductions, including the 2% limitation on itemized deductions.
Limitations on Interest Deductions. The deductibility of a non-corporate taxpayer's "investment interest" expense is generally limited to the amount of that taxpayer's "net investment income". The IRS has announced
that Treasury Regulations will be issued that characterize net passive income (as determined under the passive loss limitation rules) from a publicly-traded partnership as investment income for this purpose. In addition, the shareholder's share of our dividend and interest income will be treated as investment income, although "qualified dividend income" subject to reduced rates of tax in the hands of an individual, as described above, will only be treated as investment income if the individual shareholder
elects to treat such dividend as ordinary income not subject to reduced rates of tax. Investment interest expense includes:
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interest on indebtedness properly allocable to property held for investment, |
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our interest expense attributed to portfolio income, if any, and |
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the portion of interest expense incurred to purchase or carry an interest in a passive activity to the extent attributable to portfolio income. |
The computation of a shareholder's investment interest expense will take into account interest on any margin account borrowing or other loan incurred to purchase or carry a common share. Net investment income includes gross income from property held for investment and amounts treated as portfolio
income under the passive loss rules, less deductible expenses, other than interest, directly connected with the production of investment income, but generally does not include gains attributable to the disposition of property held for investment.
Allocation of Income, Gain, Loss and Deduction. In general, if Lazard Ltd has a net profit or net loss, its items of income, gain, loss and deduction are allocated among the shareholders in accordance with their particular
percentage interests in Lazard Ltd. However, we generally intend to operate our business so that our only net income consists of dividends received from our subsidiaries (and possibly interest), and we intend to allocate that income to the shareholders of Lazard Ltd to whom it is distributed.
Special rules generally apply to determine the allocation of a partnership's items of income, deduction, gain and loss related to "contributed property" (other than cash). Such special rules will have limited relevance to our shareholders because such rules will generally not adversely affect
shareholders who purchase their shares directly from Lazard Ltd or from the selling shareholders for cash.
An allocation of items of our income, gain, loss or deduction will generally be given effect for U.S. federal income tax purposes in determining a partner's distributive share of an item of income, gain, loss or deduction only if the allocation has "substantial economic effect". In any other
case, a partner's distributive share of an item will be determined on the basis of the partner's interest in Lazard Ltd, which will be determined by taking into account all the facts and circumstances, including the partner's relative contributions to Lazard Ltd, the interests of the partners in economic profits and losses, the interests of the partners in cash flow and other nonliquidating distributions and rights of the partners to distributions of capital upon liquidation.
Although we do not expect that our operations will result in the creation of negative capital accounts, if negative capital accounts nevertheless result, items of our income and gain will be allocated in an amount and manner sufficient to eliminate the negative balance as quickly as possible.
Treatment of Shares Lent to Short Sellers. A shareholder whose common shares are loaned to a "short seller" to cover a short sale of common shares may be considered as having disposed of ownership of those common shares. If
so, the shareholder would no longer be a partner with respect to those common shares during the period of the loan and, although the shareholder will receive no cash, the shareholder may recognize gain or loss from the disposition, which will generally be capital gain or loss as described below under "—Dispositions of Common Stock". As a result, during this period:
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any of our income, gain, deduction or loss with respect to those common shares would not be reportable by the shareholder, |
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any cash distributions received by the shareholder with respect to those common shares would be fully taxable, and |
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all of these distributions would appear to be treated as ordinary income. |
The holding period of a shareholder whose common shares are loaned to a "short seller" to cover a short sale of common shares will restart when the common shares are returned to the shareholder. Shareholders desiring to ensure their status as partners and avoid the risk of gain recognition
should modify any applicable brokerage account agreements to prohibit their brokers from borrowing their common shares. The IRS has announced that it is actively studying issues relating to the tax treatment of short sales of partnership interests. Please also read "—Dispositions of Common Stock—Recognition of Gain or Loss". Shareholders whose common shares are loaned to a "short seller" should consult their own tax advisors with respect to their status as partners
of Lazard Ltd for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Dispositions of Common Stock. A shareholder will recognize gain or loss on a sale of common stock equal to the difference between the amount realized and the shareholder's tax basis for the common stock sold. A
shareholder's amount realized will be measured by the sum of the cash or the fair market value of other property received plus its share of our nonrecourse liabilities, if any. Because the amount realized includes a shareholder's share of our nonrecourse liabilities, if any, the gain recognized on the sale of common shares could result in a tax liability in excess of any cash received from the sale.
Prior distributions from Lazard Ltd that decreased a shareholder's tax basis in that common share will, in effect, become taxable income if the common stock is sold at a price greater than the shareholder's tax basis in that common stock, even if the price is less than its original cost.
Except as noted below (and, if applicable, under "—Passive Foreign Investment Companies"), gain or loss recognized by a shareholder on the sale or exchange of common stock will generally be taxable as capital gain or loss and as long-term capital gain or loss if the common stock were held for more
than 12 months, subject (in the case of shareholders who are individuals) to tax in taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011 at a maximum U.S. federal income tax rate of 15%. Net capital loss may offset no more than $3,000 of ordinary income in the case of individuals and may only be used to offset capital gain in the case of corporations.
The IRS has ruled that a partner who acquires interests in a partnership in separate transactions must combine those interests and maintain a single adjusted tax basis for all those interests. Upon a sale or other disposition of less than all of those interests, a portion of that tax basis
must be allocated to the interests sold using an "equitable apportionment" method. On the other hand, a selling shareholder who can identify common stock transferred with an ascertainable holding period may elect to use the actual holding period of the common stock transferred. A shareholder electing to use the actual holding period of common stock transferred must consistently use that identification method for all subsequent sales or exchanges of common stock.
Section 754 Election. Lazard Ltd has made the election permitted by Section 754 of the Code. The election is irrevocable without the consent of the IRS. The election generally permits Lazard Ltd to adjust
a common stock purchaser's tax basis in our assets ("inside basis") under Section 743(b) of the Code to reflect the common stock purchaser's purchase price. This election does not apply to a person who purchases common stock directly from Lazard Ltd. The Section 743(b) adjustment belongs to the purchaser and not to other partners. For purposes of this discussion, a partner's inside basis in our assets will be considered to have two components, (1) its share of our
tax basis in our assets ("common basis") and (2) its Section 743(b) adjustment to that basis.
Because we do not expect Lazard Ltd to hold any significant assets other than stock of its subsidiaries, our Section 754 election will likely not be relevant to our shareholders except if Lazard Ltd sells, or is treated as selling, all or part of the stock of its subsidiaries. Generally,
a Section 754 election is advantageous to a transferee shareholder if such shareholder's tax basis in its common stock is higher than the common stock share of the aggregate tax basis of our assets immediately prior to the transfer. In that case, as a result of the election, the transferee shareholder would have a higher tax basis in its share of our assets for purposes of calculating, among other items, its share of any gain or loss on a sale of our assets. Conversely, a Section 754
election is disadvantageous to a transferee shareholder if such shareholder's tax basis in its common stock is lower than those common shares' share of the aggregate tax basis of our assets immediately prior to the transfer. Thus, the fair market value of the common stock may be affected either favorably or adversely by the election.
The calculations involved in the Section 754 election are complex, and we will make them on the basis of assumptions as to the value of our assets and other matters. The determinations we make may be successfully challenged by the IRS and any allocations resulting from them may be reduced
or disallowed altogether. Should the IRS require a different basis adjustment to be made, and should, in our opinion, the expense of compliance exceed the benefit of the election, Lazard Ltd may seek permission from the IRS to revoke its Section 754 election (although Lazard Ltd will be required to make similar adjustments to a partner's inside basis in its assets under certain circumstances even if no Section 754 election is in effect). If Lazard Ltd successfully revokes its Section 754
election, a subsequent purchaser of common stock may be allocated more income than it would have been allocated had the election not been revoked.
Constructive Termination. Subject to the electing large partnership rules described below, Lazard Ltd will be considered to have been terminated for tax purposes if there is a sale or exchange of 50% or more of the total interests
in our capital and profits within a 12-month period. Lazard Ltd's termination would result in the closing of our taxable year for all shareholders. In the case of a shareholder reporting on a taxable year other than a fiscal year ending December 31, the closing of our taxable year may result in more than 12 months of our taxable income or loss being includable in its taxable income for the year of termination. Lazard Ltd would be required to make new tax elections after a
termination, including a new election under Section 754 of the Code. A termination could also result in penalties if Lazard Ltd were unable to determine that the termination had occurred. Moreover, a termination might either accelerate the application of, or subject us to, any tax legislation enacted before the termination.
Passive Foreign Investment Companies. In general, a foreign corporation will be a PFIC during a given year if (1) 75% or more of its gross income constitutes "passive income" or (2) 50% or more of its assets produce
passive income.
If any of our direct non-U.S. subsidiaries were characterized as a PFIC during a given year, U.S. Persons holding common stock would be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences, including a penalty tax at the time of the sale at a gain of, (or receipt of an "excess distribution" with respect
to) their shares, unless such persons made a "qualified electing fund election" or "mark-to-market" election. For these purposes, stock of a PFIC that is owned by Lazard Ltd is considered as owned proportionately by our shareholders. It is uncertain whether Lazard Ltd would be able to provide its shareholders with the information necessary for a U.S. Person to make a "qualified electing fund election" with respect to our non-U.S. subsidiaries.
We believe that none of Lazard Ltd's directly-held non-U.S. subsidiaries should be treated as a PFIC. However, actual determination of PFIC status is fundamentally factual in nature and cannot be made until the close of the applicable taxable year. Moreover, we cannot be certain
that the IRS will not challenge this position and that a court will not sustain such challenge. Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors as to the effects of the PFIC rules if they were to apply.
U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for Non-U.S. Persons. Ownership of our common stock by non-U.S. Persons raises special U.S. federal income tax considerations. To the extent Lazard Ltd receives dividends from
a U.S. subsidiary, distributions of such dividend income to Lazard Ltd shareholders who are non-U.S. Persons will be subject to U.S. withholding tax at a rate of 30%. A non-U.S. Person's ability to lower such withholding rate under an applicable income tax treaty will likely be limited due to special rules under the Code relating to hybrid entities, such as Lazard Ltd, which is a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes but which may not be a partnership under the laws of the non-U.S. Person's
country of residence.
To the extent Lazard Ltd receives dividends from a non-U.S. subsidiary, distributions of such dividend income to Lazard Ltd shareholders who are non-U.S. Persons will not be subject to U.S. tax, unless such income were deemed to be effectively connected with a trade or business conducted by Lazard Ltd
or the recipient shareholder in the U.S.
While we intend to manage our affairs so that Lazard Ltd will not be engaged in a trade or business in the U.S., we may not, however, be able to do so. If Lazard Ltd were engaged in a trade or business in the U.S., non-U.S. Persons that own our common stock will be considered to be engaged
in business in the U.S. and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis at regular rates on income "effectively connected" with such trade or business.
Lazard Ltd will be required to pay withholding tax with respect to the portion of our income that is "effectively connected" with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business and that is allocable to non-U.S. Persons that hold our common stock. Under rules applicable to publicly-traded partnerships,
Lazard Ltd will withhold taxes on actual cash distributions attributable to effectively connected income made quarterly to shareholders that are non-U.S. Persons at the highest marginal rate applicable to individuals at the time of the distribution. Each shareholder that is a non-U.S. Person must obtain a taxpayer identification number from the IRS and submit that number to our transfer agent on a Form W-8BEN or applicable substitute form in order to obtain credit for the taxes withheld or to claim
the benefits of an applicable tax treaty. A change in applicable law may require us to change these procedures.
If Lazard Ltd is unable to avoid being considered to be engaged in a trade or business in the U.S., a foreign corporate shareholder that owns our common stock may be subject to U.S. branch profits tax at a rate of 30%, in addition to regular federal income tax, on its allocable share
of our income and gain, as adjusted for changes in the foreign corporate shareholder's "U.S. net equity", which are effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business. That tax may be reduced or eliminated by an income tax treaty between the U.S. and the country of which the foreign corporate shareholder is a "qualified resident". In addition, this type of shareholder is subject to special information reporting requirements under Section 6038C of the Code.
A shareholder that is a non-U.S. Person will be subject to U.S. federal income tax upon the sale or disposition of our common stock to the extent that such shareholder recognizes gain upon such sale or disposition and such gain is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the shareholder. The
IRS has concluded in a published ruling that a shareholder's gain will be treated as effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the shareholder to the extent Lazard Ltd is treated as engaged in a U.S. trade or business through a fixed place of business in the U.S. and the shareholder's gain is attributable to our U.S. source property.
Administrative Matters
Information Returns. We intend to furnish to each shareholder, within 90 days after the close of each calendar year, specific tax information, which describes each shareholder's share of our income, gain, loss and deduction
for its preceding taxable year. In preparing this information, which will generally not be reviewed by counsel, we will use various accounting and reporting conventions, some of which have been mentioned in the previous discussion, to determine the shareholder's share of income, gain, loss and deduction. Any of those conventions may not yield a result that conforms to the requirements of the Code, regulations or administrative interpretations of the IRS. The IRS may successfully
contend in court that those accounting and reporting conventions are impermissible. Any challenge by the IRS could negatively affect the value of the common stock.
Elective Procedures for Large Partnerships. The Code allows large partnerships to elect streamlined procedures for income tax reporting. This election would reduce the number of items that must be separately stated
on the Schedules K-1 that are issued to the shareholders, and such Schedules K-1 would have to be provided to shareholders on or before the first March 15 following the close of each taxable year. In addition, this election would prevent Lazard Ltd, which will be taxed as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, from suffering a "technical termination" (which would close our taxable year) if, within a twelve month period, there is a sale or exchange of 50% or more of our total interests. To
date, Lazard Ltd has not made such an election.
Backup Withholding. For each calendar year, Lazard Ltd will report to its shareholders who are U.S. Persons and to the IRS the amount of distributions that it pays, and the amount of tax (if any) that it withholds on these
distributions. Under the backup withholding rules, you may be subject to backup withholding tax with respect to distributions paid unless you: (i) are a corporation or come within another exempt category and demonstrate this fact when required; or (ii) provide a taxpayer identification number, certify as to no loss of exemption from backup withholding tax and otherwise comply with the applicable requirements of the backup withholding tax rules. Exempt shareholders who are U.S.
Persons should indicate their exempt status on a properly completed IRS Form W-9 or an applicable substitute form. A non-U.S. Person may qualify as an exempt recipient by submitting a properly completed IRS Form W-8BEN or an applicable substitute form. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a shareholder will be allowed as a credit against such shareholder's U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle the shareholder
to a refund.
Treatment of Amounts Withheld. If Lazard Ltd or any of its subsidiaries is required to withhold any U.S. tax on distributions made to any shareholder or to Lazard Ltd that are allocable to any shareholder, Lazard Ltd or such
subsidiary will pay such withheld amount to the IRS. That payment, if made, will be treated as a distribution of cash to the shareholder with respect to whom the payment was made and will reduce the amount of cash to which such shareholder would otherwise be entitled.
Nominee Reporting. Persons who hold an interest in Lazard Ltd as a nominee for another person are required to furnish to us:
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(a) |
the name, address and taxpayer identification number of the beneficial owner and the nominee, |
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(b) |
whether the beneficial owner is: |
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(1) |
a person that is not a U.S. Person, |
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(2) |
a foreign government, an international organization or any wholly-owned agency or instrumentality of either of the foregoing, or |
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(c) |
the amount and description of common stock held, acquired or transferred for the beneficial owner, and |
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(d) |
specific information including the dates of acquisitions and transfers, means of acquisitions and transfers, and acquisition cost for purchases, as well as the amount of net proceeds from sales. |
Brokers and financial institutions are required to furnish additional information, including whether they are U.S. Persons and specific information on common stock they acquire, hold or transfer for their own account. A penalty of $50 per failure, up to a maximum of $100,000 per calendar year,
is imposed by the Code for failure to report that information to Lazard Ltd. The nominee is required to supply the beneficial owner of the common stock with the information furnished to Lazard Ltd.
Lazard Ltd, the selling shareholders and Goldman, Sachs & Co. (the "underwriter") have entered into an underwriting agreement and a pricing agreement with respect to the shares of our common stock being offered. Subject to certain conditions, the underwriter has agreed to purchase all of
the 5,215,920 shares offered hereby.
The underwriter may receive from purchasers of the shares normal brokerage commissions in amounts agreed with such purchasers.
Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "LAZ".
The underwriter proposes to offer the shares of our common stock from time to time for sale in one or more transactions in the New York Stock Exchange, in the over-the-counter market, through negotiated transactions or otherwise at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to prevailing
market prices or at negotiated prices, subject to receipt and acceptance by it and subject to its right to reject any order in whole or in part. In connection with the sale of the shares of common stock offered hereby, the underwriter may be deemed to have received compensation in the form of underwriting discounts. The underwriter may effect such transactions by selling shares of our common stock to or through dealers, and such dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts,
concessions or commissions from the underwriter and / or purchasers of shares of our common stock for whom they may act as agents or to whom they may sell as principal.
In connection with the offering, the underwriter may purchase and sell shares of our common stock in the open market. These transactions may include short sales and purchases to cover positions created by short sales. Short sales involve the sale by the underwriter of a greater number of shares
than it is required to purchase in the offering. The underwriter will need to close out any short sale by purchasing shares in the open market. The underwriter is likely to create a short position if it is concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of our common stock in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in this offering.
Purchases to cover a short position, as well as other purchases by the underwriter for its own account, may have the effect of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the Company's stock, and may maintain or otherwise affect the market price of our common stock. As a result,
the price of our common stock may be higher than the price that otherwise might exist in the open market. If these activities are commenced, they may be discontinued at any time. These transactions may be effected on in the New York Stock Exchange, in the over-the-counter market or otherwise.
Each of us and the selling shareholders have agreed with the underwriter, subject to certain exceptions, not to dispose of or hedge any of our shares of common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of our common stock during the period from the date of this prospectus supplement
continuing through the date 90 days after the date of this prospectus supplement, except with the prior written consent of the underwriter.
In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area which has implemented the Prospectus Directive (each, a Relevant Member State), the underwriter has represented and agreed that with effect from and including the date on which the Prospectus Directive is implemented in that Relevant Member
State (the Relevant Implementation Date) it has not made and will not make an offer of shares to the public in that Relevant Member State prior to the publication of a prospectus in relation to the shares which has been approved by the competent authority in that Relevant Member State or, where appropriate, approved in another Relevant Member State and notified to the competent authority in that Relevant Member State, all in accordance with the Prospectus Directive, except that it may, with effect from and including
the Relevant Implementation Date, make an offer of shares to the public in that Relevant Member State at any time:
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to legal entities which are authorized or regulated to operate in the financial markets or, if not so authorized or regulated, whose corporate purpose is solely to invest in securities; |
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to any legal entity which has two or more of (1) an average of at least 250 employees during the last financial year; (2) a total balance sheet of more than €43,000,000 and (3) an annual net turnover of more than €50,000,000, as shown in its last annual or consolidated accounts; |
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to fewer than 100 natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors as defined in the Prospectus Directive) subject to obtaining the prior consent of the underwriter for any such offer; or |
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in any other circumstances which do not require the publication by the Issuer of a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive. |
For the purposes of this provision, the expression an "offer of shares to the public" in relation to any shares in any Relevant Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the shares to be offered so as to enable an investor
to decide to purchase or subscribe the shares, as the same may be varied in that Relevant Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus Directive in that Relevant Member State and the expression Prospectus Directive means Directive 2003/71/EC and includes any relevant implementing measure in each Relevant Member State.
The underwriter has represented and agreed that:
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it has only communicated or caused to be communicated and will only communicate or cause to be communicated an invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of Section 21 of the FSMA) received by it in connection with the issue or sale of the shares in circumstances in which Section 21(1) of the FSMA would not, if the Issuer was not an authorized person, apply to the Issuer; and |
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(b) |
it has complied and will comply with all applicable provisions of the FSMA with respect to anything done by it in relation to the shares in, from or otherwise involving the United Kingdom. |
The shares may not be offered or sold by means of any document other than (i) in circumstances which do not constitute an offer to the public within the meaning of the Companies Ordinance (Cap.32, Laws of Hong Kong), or (ii) to "professional investors" within the meaning of the Securities and
Futures Ordinance (Cap.571, Laws of Hong Kong) and any rules made thereunder, or (iii) in other circumstances which do not result in the document being a "prospectus" within the meaning of the Companies Ordinance (Cap.32, Laws of Hong Kong), and no advertisement, invitation or document relating to the shares may be issued or may be in the possession of any person for the purpose of issue (in each case whether in Hong Kong or elsewhere), which is directed at, or the contents of which are likely to be accessed
or read by, the public in Hong Kong (except if permitted to do so under the laws of Hong Kong) other than with respect to shares which are or are intended to be disposed of only to persons outside Hong Kong or only to "professional investors" within the meaning of the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap.571, Laws of Hong Kong) and any rules made thereunder.
This prospectus supplement has not been registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of Singapore. Accordingly, this prospectus supplement and any other document or material in connection with the offer or sale, or invitation for subscription or purchase, of the shares may not be
circulated or distributed, nor may the shares be offered or sold, or be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase, whether directly or indirectly, to persons in Singapore other than (i) to an institutional investor under Section 274 of the Securities and Futures Act, Chapter 289 of Singapore (the "SFA"), (ii) to a relevant person, or any person pursuant to Section 275(1A), and in accordance with the conditions, specified in Section 275 of the SFA or (iii) otherwise
pursuant to, and in accordance with the conditions of, any other applicable provision of the SFA.
Where the shares are subscribed or purchased under Section 275 by a relevant person which is: (a) a corporation (which is not an accredited investor) the sole business of which is to hold investments and the entire share capital of which is owned by one or more individuals, each of whom is an
accredited investor; or (b) a trust (where the trustee is not an accredited investor) whose sole purpose is to hold investments and each beneficiary is an accredited investor, shares, debentures and units of shares and debentures of that corporation or the beneficiaries' rights and interest in that trust shall not be transferable for 6 months after that corporation or that trust has acquired the shares under Section 275 except: (1) to an institutional investor under Section 274 of the SFA
or to a relevant person, or any person pursuant to Section 275(1A), and in accordance with the conditions, specified in Section 275 of the SFA; (2) where no consideration is given for the transfer; or (3) by operation of law.
The securities have not been and will not be registered under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law of Japan (the Securities and Exchange Law) and the underwriter has agreed that it will not offer or sell any securities, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to, or for the benefit of, any resident
of Japan (which term as used herein means any person resident in Japan, including any corporation or other entity organized under the laws of Japan), or to others for re-offering or resale, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to a resident of Japan, except pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of, and otherwise in compliance with, the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law and any other applicable laws, regulations and ministerial guidelines of Japan.
Lazard estimates that the total expenses of this offering, all of which will be borne by Lazard, and excluding deemed underwriting discounts and commissions, will be approximately $1.0 million.
Lazard and the selling shareholders have agreed to indemnify the underwriter against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
The underwriter and its affiliates have, from time to time, performed, and may in the future perform, various financial advisory and investment banking services for the Company, for which they received or will receive customary fees and expenses. Lazard Ltd, Lazard Group and their affiliates
have in the past provided, and may in the future from time to time provide, similar services to the underwriter and its affiliates on customary terms and for customary fees. The underwriter was an underwriter in the equity public offering and the ESU offering and an initial purchaser in two privately placed Lazard Group notes offerings.
The validity of the shares of our common stock offered hereby has been passed upon for Lazard Ltd by Conyers Dill & Pearman, Hamilton, Bermuda. Lazard has been represented by Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP, New York, New York. Goldman, Sachs & Co. has been represented
by Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, New York, New York.
The consolidated financial statements and the related financial statement schedule, incorporated in this prospectus supplement by reference from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, and the effectiveness of Lazard Ltd's internal control over financial reporting
have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their reports, which are incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule have been so incorporated in reliance upon the reports of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
Prospectus
Class A Common Stock
Debt Securities
6.625% Equity Security Units
Preference Shares
Warrants
Stock Purchase Contracts
Stock Purchase Units
The securities covered by this prospectus may be sold from time to time by Lazard Ltd. In addition, selling security holders to be named in a prospectus supplement may offer and sell from time to time, a number of shares of our Class A common stock, which we refer to as our "common stock," or our
6.625% equity security units, which we refer to as "ESUs," in such amounts as set forth in a prospectus supplement. We may, and any selling security holder may, offer the securities independently or together in any combination for sale directly to purchasers or through underwriters, dealers or agents to be designated at a future date. Unless otherwise set forth in a prospectus supplement, we will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock or ESUs by any selling security holders.
When we offer securities, we will provide you with a prospectus supplement describing the specific terms of the specific issue of securities, including the offering price of the securities. You should carefully read this prospectus and the prospectus supplement relating to the specific issue of securities,
together with the documents we incorporate by reference, before you decide to invest in any of these securities.
THIS PROSPECTUS MAY NOT BE USED TO OFFER OR SELL ANY SECURITIES UNLESS ACCOMPANIED BY A PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT.
Our Class A common stock is traded on The New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "LAZ". Our ESUs are traded on The New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "LDZ."
Investing in our securities involves risks. See "Risk Factors" on page 4 of this prospectus, "Risks Related to Business" on page 15 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005 and "Item 1A. Risk Factors" on page 73 of our Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2006.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The securities may be offered and sold to or through underwriters, dealers or agents as designated from time to time, or directly to one or more other purchasers or through a combination of such methods. See "Plan of Distribution." If any underwriters, dealers or agents are involved in the sale of any
of the securities, their names, and any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or discount arrangements between or among them, will be set forth, or will be calculable from the information set forth, in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Prospectus Dated November 21, 2006.
No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained in this prospectus. You must not rely on any unauthorized information or representations. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to
do so. The information contained in this prospectus is current only as of its date.
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