10-Q
Table of Contents

 
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
(Mark One)
     
þ   QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2008
OR
     
o   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.
For the transition period from            to
Commission File Number 1-14443
Gartner, Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
     
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  04-3099750
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
     
P.O. Box 10212
56 Top Gallant Road
Stamford, CT
(Address of principal executive offices)
  06902-7700
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (203) 316-1111
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
             
Large accelerated filer þ    Accelerated filer o    Non-accelerated filer   o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
  Smaller Reporting Company o 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
As of July 24, 2008, 93,910,545 shares of the registrant’s common shares were outstanding.
 
 

 


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 EX-31.1: CERTIFICATION
 EX-31.2: CERTIFICATION
 EX-32: CERTIFICATION
EX-31.1 CERTIFICATION
EX-31.2 CERTIFICATION
EX-32 CERTIFICATION

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PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
GARTNER, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited, in thousands)
                 
    June 30,     December 31,  
    2008     2007  
Assets
               
Current assets:
               
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 136,897     $ 109,945  
Fees receivable, net
    313,259       354,926  
Deferred commissions
    48,829       53,537  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
    41,650       39,382  
 
           
Total current assets
    540,635       557,790  
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net
    66,520       66,551  
Goodwill
    417,523       416,181  
Intangible assets, net
    2,829       3,645  
Other assets
    93,418       89,043  
 
           
Total Assets
  $ 1,120,925     $ 1,133,210  
 
           
 
               
Liabilities and Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity
               
Current liabilities:
               
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
  $ 180,486     $ 215,990  
Deferred revenues
    428,059       423,522  
Current portion of long-term debt
    198,250       236,500  
 
           
Total current liabilities
    806,795       876,012  
Long-term debt     271,500       157,500  
Other liabilities
    84,244       82,200  
 
           
Total Liabilities
    1,162,539       1,115,712  
 
               
Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity
               
Preferred stock
           
Common stock
    78       78  
Additional paid-in capital
    550,107       545,654  
Unearned compensation, net
    (135 )     (386 )
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net
    27,384       23,641  
Accumulated earnings
    374,002       322,557  
Treasury stock, at cost
    (993,050 )     (874,046 )
 
           
Total Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity
    (41,614 )     17,498  
 
           
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity
  $ 1,120,925     $ 1,133,210  
 
           
See the accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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GARTNER, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited, in thousands, except per share data)
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
    2008     2007     2008     2007  
Revenues:
                               
Research
  $ 195,798     $ 163,753     $ 385,339     $ 322,553  
Consulting
    94,607       83,555       172,725       159,822  
Events
    50,970       42,362       71,544       69,289  
Other
    2,564       3,178       4,430       5,381  
 
                       
Total revenues
    343,939       292,848       634,038       557,045  
Costs and expenses:
                               
Cost of services and product development
    152,153       136,842       278,113       260,198  
Selling, general and administrative
    137,746       119,875       268,632       234,982  
Depreciation
    6,064       6,012       12,573       11,747  
Amortization of intangibles
    401       596       815       1,125  
Other charges
          9,084             9,084  
 
                       
Total costs and expenses
    296,364       272,409       560,133       517,136  
 
                       
Operating income
    47,575       20,439       73,905       39,909  
Interest expense, net
    (4,960 )     (5,398 )     (9,675 )     (11,661 )
Other (expense) income, net
    (150 )     1,814       373       1,776  
 
                       
Income before income taxes
    42,465       16,855       64,603       30,024  
Provision for income taxes
    12,337       4,876       19,882       9,068  
 
                       
Income from continuing operations
    30,128       11,979       44,721       20,956  
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of taxes
    (228 )     2,069       6,723       1,284  
 
                       
Net income
  $ 29,900     $ 14,048     $ 51,444     $ 22,240  
 
                       
 
                               
Income per common share:
                               
Basic:
                               
Income from continuing operations
  $ 0.32     $ 0.11     $ 0.46     $ 0.20  
Income from discontinued operations
          0.02       0.07       0.01  
 
                       
Income per share
  $ 0.32     $ 0.13     $ 0.53     $ 0.21  
 
                       
 
                               
Diluted:
                               
Income from continuing operations
  $ 0.30     $ 0.11     $ 0.44     $ 0.19  
Income from discontinued operations
          0.02       0.07       0.01  
 
                       
Income per share
  $ 0.30     $ 0.13     $ 0.51     $ 0.20  
 
                       
 
                               
Weighted average shares outstanding:
                               
Basic
    94,845       104,259       96,317       103,890  
Diluted
    98,895       109,571       100,252       108,941  
See the accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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GARTNER, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited, in thousands)
                 
    Six Months Ended  
    June 30,  
    2008     2007  
Operating activities:
               
Net income
  $ 51,444     $ 22,240  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
               
Income from discontinued operations
    (6,723 )     (1,284 )
Depreciation and amortization of intangibles
    13,388       12,872  
Stock-based compensation expense
    13,056       13,407  
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation
    (5,646 )     (13,726 )
Deferred taxes
    270       (349 )
Amortization and writeoff of debt issue costs
    448       914  
Changes in assets and liabilities:
               
Fees receivable, net
    43,947       28,012  
Deferred commissions
    5,162       3,690  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
    (2,604 )     (22,955 )
Other assets
    (10,551 )     (6,540 )
Deferred revenues
    2,894       (3,030 )
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
    (23,240 )     10,442  
 
           
Cash provided by operating activities
    81,845       43,693  
 
           
 
Investing activities:
               
Additions to property, equipment and leasehold improvements
    (12,974 )     (12,430 )
Proceeds from sale of Vision Events business
    7,847        
Other investing activities, net
          9  
 
           
Cash used by investing activities
    (5,127 )     (12,421 )
 
           
 
Financing activities:
               
Proceeds from interest rate swap termination
          1,167  
Proceeds from stock issued for stock plans
    18,583       27,522  
Proceeds from debt issuance
    180,000       405,000  
Payments for debt issuance costs
    (802 )     (1,257 )
Payments on debt
    (104,250 )     (415,000 )
Purchases of treasury stock
    (152,967 )     (29,690 )
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation
    5,646       13,726  
 
           
Cash (used) provided by financing activities
    (53,790 )     1,468  
 
           
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
    22,928       32,740  
Effects of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents
    4,024       2,297  
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
    109,945       67,801  
 
           
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
  $ 136,897     $ 102,838  
 
           
See the accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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GARTNER, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
Note 1 — Basis of Presentation
These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes of Gartner, Inc. (“Gartner” or the “Company”) filed in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported amounts of operating revenues and expenses. These estimates are based on management’s knowledge and judgments. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows at the dates and for the periods presented have been included. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 may not be indicative of the results of operations for the remainder of 2008.
The Company sold its Vision Events business in February 2008 and has reported the results of operations of this business as a discontinued operation (See Note 2 — Discontinued Operations). As a result, the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2007 has been restated to present the results of operations of the Vision Events business as a discontinued operation in order to be consistent with the current year presentation.
Note 2 — Discontinued Operations
In February 2008 the Company sold its Vision Events business, which had been part of the Company’s Events segment, for a cash sale price of $11.4 million. The Company realized net cash proceeds from the sale of approximately $7.8 million. The Vision Events business generated revenues of approximately $21.0 million for the full year 2007 and hosted 16 events. The business employed 47 associates.
The Company recorded a net gain on the sale of approximately $7.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008, after deducting direct costs to sell, an allocated write-off of $1.8 million of Events segment goodwill, and related tax charges. The goodwill charge was recorded in accordance with SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” which requires an allocated portion of goodwill to be included in the gain or loss on disposal of a portion of a reporting unit. As of December 31, 2007, the recorded assets and liabilities of the Vision Events business consisted primarily of $3.3 million of accounts receivable and prepaid expenses, while recorded liabilities consisted primarily of $3.4 million of deferred revenues. These amounts were not material to the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2007.
In accordance with SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets,” the operating results of the Vision Events business have been reported separately as a discontinued operation for all periods presented. For both the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2007, the Vision Events business had revenues of $10.6 million. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2007, the Vision Events business had income of $2.1 million and $1.3 million, respectively, and $(0.3) million for the six months ended June 30, 2008.
Note 3 — Comprehensive Income
The components of comprehensive income, net of tax effect, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 are as follows (in thousands):

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    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
    2008     2007     2008     2007  
Net income
  $ 29,900     $ 14,048     $ 51,444     $ 22,240  
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
                               
Foreign currency translation adjustments
    645       2,883       853       3,648  
Unrealized gain on interest rate swaps
    4,697       1,469       1,727       384  
Realized gain on terminated interest rate swap
                      1,167  
Amortization of realized gain on terminated interest rate swap
    (104 )     (128 )     (215 )     (262 )
Amortization of pension unrealized (gain) loss
    (19 )     32       (38 )     64  
 
                       
Other comprehensive income
    5,219       4,256       2,327       5,001  
 
                       
Comprehensive income
  $ 35,119     $ 18,304     $ 53,771     $ 27,241  
 
                       
Note 4 — Computations of Income per Share of Common Stock
The following table sets forth the reconciliation of the basic and diluted income per share (in thousands, except per share data):
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
    2008     2007     2008     2007  
Numerator:
                               
Net income used for calculating basic and diluted income per share
  $ 29,900     $ 14,048     $ 51,444     $ 22,240  
 
                       
 
                               
Denominator:
                               
Weighted average number of common shares used in the calculation of basic income per share
    94,845       104,259       96,317       103,890  
Common stock equivalents associated with stock-based compensation plans
    4,050       5,312       3,935       5,051  
 
                       
Shares used in the calculation of diluted income per share (1)
    98,895       109,571       100,252       108,941  
 
                       
 
                               
Basic income per share (2)
  $ 0.32     $ 0.13     $ 0.53     $ 0.21  
 
                       
Diluted income per share (2)
  $ 0.30     $ 0.13     $ 0.51     $ 0.20  
 
                       
 
(1)   For the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, 1.4 million and 0.6 million stock options and other common stock equivalents, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted income per share because the effect would have been anti-dilutive. For the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, 1.5 million and 0.5 million stock options and other common stock equivalents, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted income per share because the effect would have been anti-dilutive.
 
(2)   The results for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 includes $0.00 and $0.02 per share, respectively, from discontinued operations. The results for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 includes $0.07 and $0.01 per share, respectively, from discontinued operations.
Note 5 — Stock-Based Compensation
The Company grants stock-based compensation awards as an incentive for employees and directors to contribute to the Company’s long-term success. The Company’s stock compensation awards include stock options, stock-settled stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, service- and performance-based restricted stock units, and common stock equivalents. At June 30, 2008, the Company had 5.5 million shares of common stock available for awards of stock-based compensation under its 2003 Long Term Incentive Plan.
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 123(R), Share-Based Payment (“SFAS No. 123(R)”), as interpreted by SEC Staff Accounting Bulletins No. 107 (“SAB No. 107”) and No. 110 (“SAB No. 110”). Under SFAS No. 123(R), stock-based compensation expense is based on the fair value of the award on the date of grant, which is recognized over the related service period, net of estimated forfeitures. The service period is the period over which the related service is performed, which is generally the same as the vesting period. At the present time, the Company issues treasury shares upon the exercise or settlement of stock-based compensation awards.
The Company recognized the following amounts of stock-based compensation expense under SFAS No. 123(R) in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations (in thousands):

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    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
Amount recorded in:   2008     2007     2008     2007  
Costs of services and product development
  $ 2,702     $ 3,528     $ 5,513     $ 6,095  
Selling, general and administrative
    3,722       4,312       7,543       7,312  
 
                       
Total stock-based compensation expense (1)
  $ 6,424     $ 7,840     $ 13,056     $ 13,407  
 
                       
 
(1)   Includes charges related to retirement-eligible employees of $0.7 million and $0.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and $1.3 million and $0.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
As of June 30, 2008, the Company had $55.1 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation cost, which is expected to be recognized as stock-based compensation expense over the remaining weighted-average service period of approximately 2.3 years. For the six months ended June 30, 2008, excess tax benefits realized from the exercise of stock-based compensation awards was $4.6 million, compared to $13.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007.
Stock-Based Compensation Awards
The following disclosures provide information regarding the Company’s stock-based compensation awards, all of which are classified as equity awards in accordance with SFAS No. 123(R):
Stock Options
For the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, the Company recognized $0.7 million and $1.9 million of expense related to stock options, respectively, and $1.6 million and $3.6 million of expense for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. A summary of the changes in stock options outstanding during the six months ended June 30, 2008 follows:
                                 
                    Weighted        
                    Average        
    Stock   Weighted   Remaining        
    options in   Average   Contractual        
    millions (1)   Exercise Price   Term In Years        
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2007
    9.9     $ 11.02       4.31          
Forfeited or expired
    (0.1 )     10.59       nm          
Exercised (2)
    (1.5 )     11.21       nm          
 
Outstanding at June 30, 2008 (3)
    8.3     $ 10.98       3.88          
 
Vested and exercisable at June 30, 2008 (3)
    8.0     $ 10.94       3.82          
 
 
nm=not meaningful
 
(1)   The Company did not grant any stock options during the six months ended June 30, 2008.
 
(2)   Stock options exercised during the six month period had an intrinsic value of $15.5 million. The Company received approximately $17.1 million in cash from stock option exercises during this period.
 
(3)   At June 30, 2008, stock options outstanding and stock options vested and exercisable had aggregate intrinsic values of $80.9 million and $78.7 million, respectively.
A summary of changes in the number of unvested stock options during the six month period ended June 30, 2008 follows:
                 
    Stock   Weighted
    options   Average
    in millions   Exercise Price
 
Unvested stock options outstanding at December 31, 2007
    1.4     $ 11.02  
Forfeited
    (0.1 )     nm  
Vested during the period
    (1.0 )     nm  
 
Unvested stock options outstanding at June 30, 2008 (1)
    0.3     $ 12.18  
 
 
nm=not meaningful
 
(1)   These stock options will vest by March 31, 2009.

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Stock Appreciation Rights
The Company recognized $0.8 million and $0.6 million of expense related to stock-settled stock appreciation rights (SARs) for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and $1.7 million and $1.0 million of expense for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. A summary of the changes in SARs outstanding during the six months ended June 30, 2008 follows:
                                 
                            Weighted
                    Weighted   Average
            Weighted   Average   Remaining
    SARs   Average   Grant Date   Contractual
    in millions   Exercise Price   Fair Value   Term In Years
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2007
    1.7     $ 17.07     $ 6.75       5.59  
Granted (1)
    0.8       18.10       6.37       6.63  
Forfeited or expired
    (0.1 )     16.58       6.58        
Exercised (2)
    (0.1 )     15.96       6.42        
 
SARs outstanding at June 30, 2008 (3)
    2.3     $ 17.44     $ 6.61       5.62  
 
Vested and exercisable at June 30, 2008 (3)
    0.6     $ 16.08     $ 6.45       5.04  
 
 
(1)   SARs generally vest ratably over a four-year service period and expire in seven years.
 
(2)   SARs exercised had an aggregate intrinsic value of $0.4 million.
 
(3)   At June 30, 2008, SARs outstanding and vested had aggregate intrinsic values of $8.3 and $3.1 million, respectively.
The fair value of the Company’s SARs was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model and the following assumptions:
                                 
    Three Months Ended   Six Months Ended
    June 30,   June 30,
    2008 (1)   2007   2008   2007
Expected dividend yield (2)
          0 %     0 %     0 %
Expected stock price volatility (3)
          30 %     36 %     33 %
Risk-free interest rate (4)
          4.6 %     2.8 %     4.7 %
Expected life in years (5)
          4.5       4.8       4.7  
 
(1)   There were no SARs granted during the three months ended June 30, 2008.
 
(2)   The dividend yield assumption is based on the history and expectation of the Company’s dividend payouts. Historically, Gartner has not paid dividends on its common stock.
 
(3)   Expected stock price volatility was based on both historical Gartner common stock prices and implied volatility from publicly traded options in Gartner common stock.
 
(4)   The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield of a U.S. treasury bond with a similar maturity of the expected life of the award.
 
(5)   The expected life in years is based on the “simplified” calculation provided for in SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin 107. The simplified method determines the expected life in years based on the vesting period and contractual terms as set forth when the award is made. The Company continues to use the simplified method for awards of stock-based compensation after January 1, 2008 as permitted by SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin 110 (“SAB No. 110”), since it does not have the necessary historical exercise and forfeiture data to determine an expected life for SARs. Originally, the use of the simplified method was due to expire on December 31, 2007, but SAB No. 110 permits continued use of the simplified method if the Company concludes that it is not reasonable to base its estimate of expected term on its experience with historical exercise patterns.
Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, and Common Stock Equivalents
The fair value of restricted stock, restricted stock units (RSUs), and common stock equivalents (CSEs) is determined on the date of grant based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on that date. The fair value of these awards is recognized as compensation expense as follows: (i) outstanding restricted stock awards vest based

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on the achievement of a market condition and are expensed on a straight-line basis over three years; (ii) service-based RSUs vest ratably over four years and are expensed on a straight-line basis over four years; (iii) performance-based RSUs are subject to both performance and service conditions, vest ratably over four years, and are expensed on an accelerated basis as required by SFAS No. 123(R); and (iv) CSEs vest immediately and are recorded as expense on the date of grant.
A summary of the changes in restricted stock, RSUs, and CSEs during the six months ended June 30, 2008, is presented in the table below:
                                                 
            Weighted-           Weighted-   Common   Weighted-
            Average   Restricted   Average   Stock   Average
    Restricted   Grant Date   Stock Units   Grant Date   Equivalents   Grant Date
    Stock (5)   Fair Value   (RSUs) (5)   Fair Value   (CSEs) (5)   Fair Value
 
Unvested at December 31, 2007
    200,000     $ 7.30       2,188,782     $ 18.33           $  
Granted (1), (2)
                1,382,237       18.21       10,996       20.01  
Vested or settled (2)
                (627,884 )     17.97       (10,996 )     20.01  
Forfeited
                (75,518 )     17.99              
 
Unvested at June 30, 2008 (3), (4)
    200,000     $ 7.30       2,867,617     $ 18.36           $  
 
 
(1)   Includes 0.6 million performance-based RSUs awarded to executives and 0.8 million service-based RSUs awarded to non-executive employees. The performance-based RSUs are adjusted based upon levels of achievement of a performance metric tied to an annual percentage increase in the Company’s subscription-based contract value for 2008. The 0.6 million performance-based RSUs represents the target amount of the award, and the actual number of RSUs that will ultimately vest will be between 0% and 200% of the target amount, depending on the level of achievement of the performance metric. If a minimum level of achievement is not met, the performance-based RSUs will be forfeited in their entirety, and any compensation expense already recorded will be reversed.
 
(2)   CSEs represent fees paid to directors. These vest immediately and are convertible into common shares when the director leaves the Board of Directors or earlier if the director elects to accelerate release.
 
(3)   Vesting on the 200,000 shares of restricted stock held by our CEO is subject to a market condition, as follows: (i) 100,000 shares will vest when the Company’s common stock trades at an average price of $25 or more for sixty consecutive trading days; and (ii) 100,000 shares will vest when the Company’s common stock trades at an average price of $30 or more for sixty consecutive trading days.
 
(4)   The weighted-average remaining contractual term of the service-based and performance-based RSUs is 1.8 years. The restricted stock has no defined contractual term.
 
(5)   For the three months ended June 30, 2008, the Company recorded $0.1 million, $4.7 million, and $0.1 million in stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock, RSUs, and CSEs, respectively, compared to $1.0 million, $4.2 million, and $0.1 million in the prior year quarter, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2008, the Company recorded $0.3 million, $9.3 million, and $0.2 million in stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock, RSUs, and CSEs, respectively, compared to $1.5 million, $7.0 million, and $0.2 million in the prior year quarter, respectively.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The Company has an employee stock purchase plan (the “ESPP Plan”) under which eligible employees are permitted to purchase Gartner common stock through payroll deductions, which may not exceed 10% of an employee’s compensation (or $23,750 in any calendar year), at a price equal to 95% of the common stock price as reported by the NYSE at the end of each offering period.
At June 30, 2008, the Company had 1.8 million shares available for purchase under the ESPP Plan. The ESPP Plan is considered non-compensatory under SFAS No. 123(R), and as a result the Company does not record compensation expense related to employee share purchases. The Company received $1.5 million in cash from share purchases under the Plan in the six months ended June 30, 2008.
Note 6 — Segment Information
The Company manages its business in three reportable segments: Research, Consulting and Events. Research consists primarily of subscription-based research products, access to research inquiry, as well as peer networking services and membership programs. Consulting consists primarily of consulting, measurement engagements, and strategic advisory services. Events consists of various symposia, conferences, and exhibitions.

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The Company evaluates reportable segment performance and allocates resources based on gross contribution margin. Gross contribution is defined as operating income excluding certain Cost of services and product development and Selling, general and administrative expenses, Depreciation, Amortization of intangibles, and Other charges. Certain costs included in consolidated Cost of services and product development are not allocated to segment expense, primarily web maintenance and customer relationship database costs, and certain bonus and fringe charges. The accounting policies used by the reportable segments are the same as those used by the Company.
The Company does not identify or allocate assets, including capital expenditures, by operating segment. Accordingly, assets are not reported by segment because the information is not available and is not reviewed in the evaluation of segment performance or in making decisions in the allocation of resources.
The following tables present information about the Company’s reportable segments (in thousands). The “Other” column includes certain revenues and other expenses unallocated to reportable segments, expenses allocated to operations that do not meet the segment reporting quantitative threshold, and other charges. There are no inter-segment revenues:
                                         
    Research     Consulting     Events     Other     Consolidated  
Three Months Ended June 30, 2008:
                                       
Revenues
  $ 195,798     $ 94,607     $ 50,970     $ 2,564     $ 343,939  
Gross Contribution
    127,902       40,535       22,639       2,009       193,085  
Corporate and other expenses
                                    (145,510 )
 
                                     
Operating income
                                  $ 47,575  
 
                                     
 
                                       
Three Months Ended June 30, 2007:
                                       
Revenues
  $ 163,753     $ 83,555     $ 42,362     $ 3,178     $ 292,848  
Gross Contribution
    102,574       34,310       19,339       2,405       158,628  
Corporate and other expenses
                                    (138,189 )
 
                                     
Operating income
                                  $ 20,439  
 
                                     
 
                                       
Six Months Ended June 30, 2008:
                                       
Revenues
  $ 385,339     $ 172,725     $ 71,544     $ 4,430     $ 634,038  
Gross Contribution
    252,922       71,872       31,618       3,490       359,902  
Corporate and other expenses
                                    (285,997 )
 
                                     
Operating income
                                  $ 73,905  
 
                                     
 
                                       
Six Months Ended June 30, 2007:
                                       
Revenues
  $ 322,553     $ 159,822     $ 69,289     $ 5,381     $ 557,045  
Gross Contribution
    201,876       62,345       33,867       4,056       302,144  
Corporate and other expenses
                                    (262,235 )
 
                                     
Operating income
                                  $ 39,909  
 
                                     
Note 7 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by reporting segment, for the six months ended June 30, 2008, are as follows:

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    Balance             Currency     Balance  
    December 31,             Translation     June 30,  
    2007     Adjustments (1)     Adjustments     2008  
Research
  $ 289,199     $     $ 2,959     $ 292,158  
Consulting
    88,425             135       88,560  
Events
    36,475       (1,839 )     87       34,723  
Other
    2,082                   2,082  
 
                       
Total goodwill
  $ 416,181     $ (1,839 )   $ 3,181     $ 417,523  
 
                       
 
(1)   The Company reduced Events segment goodwill by $1.8 million related to the sale of its Visions Events business in February 2008 (see Note 2—Discontinued Operations).
The following table presents the Company’s intangible assets subject to amortization (in thousands):
                         
    Customer     Noncompete        
June 30, 2008   Relationships     Agreements     Total  
Gross cost
  $ 7,700     $ 330     $ 8,030  
Accumulated amortization
    (5,005 )     (196 )     (5,201 )
 
                 
Net
  $ 2,695     $ 134     $ 2,829  
 
                 
                         
    Customer     Noncompete        
December 31, 2007   Relationships     Agreements     Total  
Gross cost
  $ 7,700     $ 498     $ 8,198  
Accumulated amortization
    (4,235 )     (318 )     (4,553 )
 
                 
Net
  $ 3,465     $ 180     $ 3,645  
 
                 
Amortization expense for intangibles was $0.4 million and $0.6 million for the three month periods ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. For the six month periods ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, amortization expense for intangibles was $0.8 million and $1.1 million, respectively.
The estimated future amortization expense on purchased intangibles is as follows (in thousands):
         
2008 (remaining six months)
  $ 793  
2009
    1,603  
2010
    433  
 
     
 
  $ 2,829  
 
     
Note 8 — Liabilities
The following table summarizes the activity related to the liability for restructuring programs recorded as Other charges in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in prior periods (in thousands):
                                 
    Workforce     Excess     Asset        
    Reduction     Facilities     Impairments        
    Costs     Costs     And Other     Total  
Accrued liability at December 31, 2006
  $ 681     $ 15,030     $     $ 15,711  
Charges during first six months of 2007 (1)
    2,682             8,681       11,363  
Adjustment for excess facility (2)
          (2,280 )           (2,280 )
Currency translation and reclassifications
    (79 )     203             124  
Payments
    (1,230 )     (2,822 )           (4,052 )
 
                       
Accrued liability at June 30, 2007
  $ 2,054     $ 10,131     $ 8,681     $ 20,866  
Charges during remainder of 2007
                       
Currency translation and reclassifications
    (77 )     (39 )           (116 )
Payments
    (1,641 )     (2,316 )     (8,681 )     (12,638 )
 
                       
Accrued liability at December 31, 2007
    336       7,776             8,112  
Charges during first six months of 2008
                       
Currency translation and reclassifications
    (114 )                 (114 )
Payments
    (222 )     (2,024 )           (2,246 )
 
                       
Accrued liability at June 30, 2008 (3)
  $     $ 5,752     $     $ 5,752  
 
                       

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(1)   The $2.7 million charge represents termination costs related to the Company’s decision to exit from consulting operations in Asia, which resulted in a reduction of 31 consultants. The $8.7 million charge relates to a legal settlement agreement and related legal expenses.
 
(2)   The Company recorded a credit of approximately $2.3 million to reduce an accrual related to an excess facility, which was returned to service.
 
(3)   The remaining costs for excess facilities will be paid as the leases expire, through 2011. The Company intends to fund these payments from existing cash.
Note 9 — Debt
Credit Agreement
The Company has a Credit Agreement dated as of January 31, 2007 that provides for a $300.0 million revolving credit facility and a five-year, $180.0 million term loan (the “original term loan”). On April 9, 2008, the Company entered into a First Amendment (the “First Amendment”) with the lenders to the Credit Agreement, which provides for a new $150.0 million term loan (the “new term loan”).
The revolving credit facility may be increased up to an additional $100.0 million at the discretion of our lenders (the “expansion feature”), for a total revolving credit facility of $400.0 million. However, the $100.0 million expansion feature may or may not be available to us depending upon prevailing credit market conditions. To date the Company has not borrowed under the expansion feature.
The original term loan will be repaid in 18 consecutive quarterly installments which commenced on September 30, 2007, with the final payment due on January 31, 2012, and may be prepaid at any time without penalty or premium at the option of Gartner. The revolving loans may be borrowed, repaid and reborrowed until January 31, 2012, at which time all amounts borrowed must be repaid. Borrowings carry interest rates that are either prime-based or Libor-based. Interest rates under these borrowings include a base rate plus a margin between 0.00% and 0.25% on Prime-based borrowings and between 0.625% and 1.25% on Libor-based borrowings. Generally, the Company’s borrowings are Libor-based.
The new term loan is co-terminus with the original term loan under the Credit Agreement and will be repaid in 16 consecutive quarterly installments which commenced June 30, 2008, plus a final payment due on January 31, 2012, and may be prepaid at any time without penalty or premium at the option of Gartner. The proceeds from the new term loan were used to repay amounts owing under the revolving credit facility under the Credit Agreement. The new term loan bears interest that is either Prime-based or Libor-based at the Company’s option, plus a margin equal to between 0.00% and 0.75% on prime-based borrowings and between 0.875% and 1.75% on Libor-based borrowings.
At June 30, 2008, the Company had $469.8 million outstanding under the Credit Agreement, which included $166.5 million outstanding under the original term loan, $146.3 million outstanding under the new term loan, and $157.0 million outstanding under the revolver. The Company had approximately $141.0 million of available borrowing capacity remaining under the revolver (not including the expansion feature) as of that date.
On June 30, 2008, the annualized interest rates on the original term loan, new term loan, and revolver were 3.81%, 4.31%, and 3.53%, respectively. The rates on the original and new term loans consisted of a three-month LIBOR base rate plus margins of 1.00% and 1.50% on the original term loan and new term loan, respectively. The rate on the revolver consisted of a one-month LIBOR base rate plus a margin of 1.00%.
Interest Rate Swap Agreements
The Company has two interest rate swap agreements that hedge the base interest rate risk on its term loans. The effect of the swaps is to convert the floating base rate on the term loans to a fixed rate. Under the swap terms, the Company pays a fixed rate and in return receives a three-month LIBOR rate. The three-month LIBOR rate received on the swaps matches the base rate paid on the term loans since both use three-month LIBOR. Both of the interest rate swaps are amortizing swaps such that the notional value of the swaps always matches the outstanding amounts of the term loans. Including the effect of the interest rate swaps, the annualized effective base interest rates on the original term loan and new term loan were 5.06% and 2.92%, respectively, as of June 30, 2008.

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The Company accounts for the swaps as cash flow hedges in accordance with SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” (“SFAS No. 133”). SFAS No. 133 requires all derivatives, whether designated as hedges or not, to be recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. Since the swaps qualify as cash flow hedges under SFAS No. 133, changes in the fair values of the swaps are recorded in Other comprehensive income as long as the swaps continue to effectively hedge the base interest rate risk on the respective term loans. Any ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the hedges is recorded in earnings. At June 30, 2008, there was no ineffective portion of the hedges as defined under SFAS No. 133. The interest rate swaps had a net negative fair value of approximately $2.4 million at June 30, 2008, which is recorded in Other comprehensive income, net of tax effect.
Letters of Credit
The Company issues letters of credit in the ordinary course of business. At June 30, 2008, the Company had outstanding letters of credit of approximately $2.3 million.
Note 10 — Stock Repurchase Program
In February 2007, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a new program to repurchase up to $200.0 million of Gartner common stock, which the Board of Directors supplemented with an additional $250.0 million authorization for share repurchases in February 2008. As of June 30, 2008, approximately $130.2 million was remaining for share repurchases under this program. Repurchases are made from time-to-time through open market purchases and are subject to the availability of stock, prevailing market conditions, the trading price of the stock, the Company’s financial performance and other conditions. Repurchases are funded from cash flow from operations and borrowings under the Company’s credit arrangement.
In June 2008 the Company entered into an agreement with Silver Lake Partners, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, Silver Lake Investors, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, and Silver Lake Technology Investors, L.L.C., a Delaware limited liability company (collectively, “Silver Lake”) pursuant to which the Company purchased an aggregate of 1,250,000 shares of common stock directly from Silver Lake at a price of $21.50 per share, for total aggregate consideration of $26.9 million.
The Company repurchased 3,851,358 shares of its common stock in the three months ended June 30, 2008 at a cost of $84.7 million, which includes the 1,250,000 shares repurchased from Silver Lake for $26.9 million discussed above. For the three months ended June 30, 2007, the Company repurchased 251,500 shares at a cost of $6.7 million.
For the six months ended June 30, 2008, the Company repurchased 7,411,164 shares of its common stock for $150.7 million, including the shares repurchased from Silver Lake, compared to 1,307,772 shares at a cost of $29.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007.
Repurchased shares are added to treasury shares and are not retired.
Note 11 — Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes on continuing operations was $12.3 million in the second quarter of 2008 as compared to $4.9 million in the second quarter of 2007. The effective income tax rate was 29.1% for the second quarter of 2008 and 28.9% for the second quarter of 2007. The effective income tax rate for the second quarter of 2008 was different than the effective income tax rate for the second quarter of 2007 due to a change in the estimated mix of pre-tax income by jurisdiction which decreased the rate in the second quarter of 2008. This reduction in the rate was offset by increases in the rate relating to certain discrete items. Discrete items in the second quarter of 2008 include the release of reserves due to the expiration of the relevant statutes. Discrete items in the second quarter of 2007 included the release of valuation allowances relating to net operating losses in certain Asian countries, as well as the receipt of income related to the settlement of a claim for which no tax cost was associated.
As of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company had gross unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $16.0 million and $18.1 million respectively. The reduction is primarily attributable to the expiration of certain statutes of limitation. It is reasonably possible that the gross unrecognized tax benefits will be decreased by $1.1 million within the next 12 months due primarily to the anticipated settlement of various audits. As of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company had Other liabilities of $14.9 million and $15.4 million respectively, related to long-term uncertain tax positions.
Note 12 — Fair Value Disclosures
On January 1, 2008, the Company partially adopted SFAS No. 157 “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS No. 157”), which did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. The Company only partially adopted SFAS No. 157 due to the issuance of FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) FASB 157-2, “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157” (“FSP No. 157-2”).

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SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a common framework for measuring fair value under U.S. GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements for assets and liabilities. SFAS No. 157 does not require additional assets or liabilities to be accounted for at fair value beyond that already required under other U.S. GAAP accounting standards. FSP No. 157-2 deferred the effective date of SFAS No. 157 for all nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities that are not recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). Included in the scope of FSP No. 157-2 are nonfinancial assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations and impaired assets. The effective date for nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities has been delayed by one year to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company continues to assess the deferred portion of SFAS No. 157.
Under SFAS No. 157, the framework for measuring fair value and a valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs used in the valuation of an asset or liability. Classification within the hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the resulting fair value measurement. The valuation hierarchy contains three levels:
  Level 1 — Valuation inputs are unadjusted quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
  Level 2 — Valuation inputs are quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, quoted market prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and other observable inputs directly or indirectly related to the asset or liability being measured.
  Level 3 — Valuation inputs are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.
The following table presents Company assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):
         
    Fair Value  
    June 30,  
Description   2008  
Assets:
       
Deferred compensation assets
  $ 18,253 (1)
Foreign currency forward contracts
    45 (2)
Interest rate swap agreement
    2,747 (3)
 
     
 
  $ 21,045  
 
     
Liabilities:
       
Interest rate swap agreement
  $ 5,107 (3)
 
     
 
(1)   The Company has a supplemental deferred compensation arrangement for the benefit of certain highly compensated officers, managers and other key employees. The plan’s assets consist of investments in money market accounts, mutual funds, and company-owned life insurance. Since the underlying assets are either cash equivalents or securities traded in active markets, the Company considers the fair value of these assets to be based on Level 1 inputs as defined by SFAS No. 157.
 
(2)   The Company had eight foreign currency forward contracts outstanding as of June 30, 2008, with a notional value of $66.1 million. All of these contracts expired by the end of July 2008. The Company periodically enters into these foreign currency forward exchange contracts to offset the effects of adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. These instruments are typically short term and are recorded at fair value with unrealized and realized gains and losses recorded in earnings. Valuation of the foreign currency forward contracts is based on foreign currency exchange rates in active markets, thus the Company measures the fair value of these contracts under a Level 2 input as defined by SFAS No. 157.
 
(3)   The Company has two interest rate swap agreements that hedge the base interest rate risk on its term loans. These contracts are accounted for as cash flow hedges in accordance with SFAS No. 133. The fair value of the swaps is recorded in Other comprehensive income, net of tax effect (see Note 9 — Debt). To determine the value of the swaps, the Company relies on a mark-to-market valuation prepared by a third-party broker based on observable interest rate yield curves. Accordingly, the fair value of the swaps is determined under a Level 2 input as defined by SFAS No. 157.
In addition to the assets and liabilities identified above, the Company also had $469.8 million of outstanding floating rate debt at June 30, 2008, which is carried at cost. The carrying amount of this debt approximates its fair value as the rate of interest on the term loans and revolver reflect current market rates of interest for similar instruments with comparable maturities.

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Note 13 — Defined Benefit Pension Plans
The Company has defined-benefit pension plans in several of its international locations. Benefits paid under these plans are based on years of service and level of employee compensation. The Company accounts for material defined benefit plans in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 87, “Employers’ Accounting for Pensions”, as amended (“SFAS No. 87”). None of these plans have plan assets as defined under SFAS No. 87.
Net periodic pension expense was $0.6 million for both the three month periods ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, and $1.1 million and $1.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Note 14 — Contingencies
We are involved in legal proceedings and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. We believe that the potential liability, if any, in excess of amounts already accrued from all proceedings, claims and litigation will not have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations when resolved in a future period.
The Company has various agreements that may obligate it to indemnify the other party with respect to certain matters. Generally, these indemnification clauses are included in contracts arising in the normal course of business under which we customarily agree to hold the other party harmless against losses arising from a breach of representations related to such matters as title to assets sold and licensed or certain intellectual property rights. It is not possible to predict the maximum potential amount of future payments under these indemnification agreements due to the conditional nature of the Company’s obligations and the unique facts of each particular agreement. Historically, payments made by the Company under these agreements have not been material. As of June 30, 2008, we did not have any indemnification agreements that would require material payments.
The Company received cash proceeds of $1.8 million related to the settlement of a claim in the three months ended June 30, 2007. The $1.8 million was recorded as a gain in Other expense, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The purpose of the following Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) is to help facilitate the understanding of significant factors influencing the operating results, financial condition and cash flows of Gartner, Inc. Additionally, the MD&A also conveys our expectations of the potential impact of known trends, events or uncertainties that may impact future results. You should read this discussion in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this report and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007. Historical results and percentage relationships are not necessarily indicative of operating results for future periods.
References to “the Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us” are to Gartner, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
Forward-Looking Statements
In addition to historical information, this Quarterly Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are any statements other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our expectations, beliefs, hopes, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “may,” “will,” “expects,” “should,” “believes,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue,” or other words of similar meaning. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in, or implied by, the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, those discussed in “Factors That May Affect Future Performance” and elsewhere in this report and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007. Readers should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s opinion only as of the date on which they were made. Except as required by law, we disclaim any obligation to review or update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances as they occur. Readers also should review carefully any risk factors described in other reports filed by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
OVERVIEW
Gartner, Inc. is a leading research and advisory firm that helps executives use technology to build, guide and grow their enterprises. We offer independent and objective research and analysis on the information technology, computer hardware, software, communications and related technology industries. We provide comprehensive coverage of the IT industry to approximately 10,000 client organizations, including approximately 400 Fortune 500 companies, across 75 countries. Our

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client base consists primarily of CIOs and other senior IT and business executives from a wide variety of enterprises, government agencies and the investment community.
We employ a diversified business model that utilizes and leverages the breadth and depth of our research intellectual capital while enabling us to maintain and grow our market-leading position and brand franchise. The foundation for our business model is our ability to create and distribute our unique, proprietary research content as broadly as possible via:
    published reports and briefings,
 
    consulting and advisory services, and
 
    hosting symposia, conferences and exhibitions.
Our diversified business model provides multiple entry points and synergies that facilitate increased client spending on our research, consulting and events. A critical part of our long-term strategy is to increase business volume with our most valuable clients, identifying relationships with the greatest sales potential and expanding those relationships by offering strategically relevant research and analysis. We also seek to extend the Gartner brand name to develop new client relationships, and augment our sales capacity and expand into new markets around the world. In addition, we seek to increase our revenue and operating cash flow through more effective pricing of our products and services. These initiatives have created additional revenue streams through more effective packaging, campaigning and cross-selling of our products and services.
We intend to maintain a balance between (1) pursuing opportunities and applying resources with a strict focus on growing our three core businesses and (2) generating profitability through a streamlined cost structure.
We have three business segments: Research, Consulting and Events.
  Research provides insight for CIOs, IT professionals, technology companies and the investment community through reports and briefings, access to our analysts, as well as peer networking services and membership programs designed specifically for CIOs and other senior executives.
  Consulting consists primarily of consulting, measurement engagements and strategic advisory services (paid one-day analyst engagements) (“SAS”), which provide assessments of cost, performance, efficiency and quality focused on the IT industry.
   Events consists of various symposia, conferences and exhibitions focused on the IT industry.
We believe the following business measurements are important performance indicators for our business segments:
     
BUSINESS    
SEGMENT   BUSINESS MEASUREMENTS
 
Research
  Contract value represents the value attributable to all of our subscription-related research products that recognize revenue on a ratable basis. Contract value is calculated as the annualized value of all subscription research contracts in effect at a specific point in time, without regard to the duration of the contract.
 
   
 
  Client retention rate represents a measure of client satisfaction and renewed business relationships at a specific point in time. Client retention is calculated on a percentage basis by dividing our current clients, who were also clients a year ago, by all clients from a year ago.
 
   
 
  Wallet retention rate represents a measure of the amount of contract value we have retained with clients over a twelve-month period. Wallet retention is calculated on a percentage basis by dividing the contract value of clients, who were clients one year earlier, by the total contract value from a year earlier. When wallet retention exceeds client retention, it is an indication of retention of higher-spending clients, or increased spending by retained clients, or both.
 
   
 
  Number of executive program members represents the number of paid participants in executive programs.
 
Consulting
  Consulting backlog represents future revenue to be derived from in-process consulting, measurement and strategic advisory services engagements.

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BUSINESS    
SEGMENT   BUSINESS MEASUREMENTS
 
 
  Utilization rates represent a measure of productivity of our consultants. Utilization rates are calculated for billable headcount on a percentage basis by dividing total hours billed by total hours available to bill.
 
   
 
  Billing Rate represents earned billable revenue divided by total billable hours.
 
   
 
  Average annualized revenue per billable headcount represents a measure of the revenue generating ability of an average billable consultant and is calculated periodically by multiplying the average billing rate per hour times the utilization percentage times the billable hours available for one year.
 
Events
  Number of events represents the total number of hosted events completed during the period.
 
   
 
  Number of attendees represents the number of people who attend events.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL POSITION
We continue to execute on our strategy of accelerating the growth of our Research business while at the same time maintaining the growth and profitability of our Consulting and Events businesses. The cornerstones of this strategy are to produce extraordinary research content, deliver innovative and highly differentiated product offerings, enhance our sales capability, provide world class client service and improve operational effectiveness.
We had income from continuing operations of $30.1 million in the second quarter of 2008, or $0.30 per diluted share, compared to $0.11 per diluted share for the prior year quarter. For the six months ended June 30, 2008, we had $0.44 of diluted income per share from continuing operations, compared to $0.19 per share in 2007, a 132% increase. These results reflect several factors, which include higher overall revenues, continued tight expense controls, strength in our Consulting segment contract optimization and benchmark businesses, and a lower share base due to share repurchases. We believe the increased revenue in the Consulting segment was primarily timing related. Given the uncertain economic environment, we also delayed certain investments and expenses across the entire company to later in the year.
In our Research business, we had strong, double-digit revenue growth in the second quarter of 2008, with revenues up 20% over the prior year quarter. Growth occurred across our entire product portfolio — with all client sizes, industry segments, and products delivering year-over-year growth. Research contract value was $794.2 million at June 30, 2008, up 16% from June 30, 2007. Excluding the favorable impact of foreign currency translation, contract value and revenues were up 13% and 15%, respectively. Research client retention rate and wallet retention rate remained strong at 81% and 101%, respectively.
In our Consulting business we continue to focus on improving profitability by targeting the most profitable accounts and geographies. Revenue in the second quarter of 2008 from our Consulting business was up 13%, to $94.6 million. Consulting backlog at June 30, 2008 was $111.3 million, up from the $108.8 million at June 30, 2007. The consultant utilization rate increased 2 points in 2008, to 75% from 73% in the prior year quarter, reflecting improved engagement management and reduced headcount. Billable headcount was 478 at June 30, 2008, down from 487 at June 30, 2007, reflecting the headcount reduction related to our exit from consulting operations in Asia in 2007. The hourly billing rate remained above $350 per hour in the second quarter of 2008.
Our Events business strategy is to continue to focus on managing the Events portfolio by retaining successful events, introducing promising new events that will yield greater profitability, and eliminating less profitable and less attended events, or events that do not capitalize on Gartner’s research capability. In furtherance of our Events strategy, in February 2008 we sold our Vision Events portfolio of events (See Note 2 — Discontinued Operations in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements).
Events revenues increased 20%, or $8.6 million, to $51.0 million for the second quarter of 2008 compared to $42.4 million for the second quarter of 2007. Excluding the favorable impact of foreign currency translation, revenues were up about 14% year-over-year. The increase in quarterly revenues was primarily due to timing as 4 large continuing events that were held in the first quarter in 2007 were shifted into the second quarter in 2008. On a year-to-date basis, Events revenues increased 3%, or $2.3 million, to $71.5 million compared to $69.3 million for the same period of 2007. However, excluding the favorable impact of foreign currency translation, revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2008 were down about 2% from the prior year, due primarily to lower exhibitor revenues.
For a more detailed discussion of our segment results, see Segment Results below.

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We also continued to focus on enhancing shareholder value through the continued management of our capital structure. We repurchased 7.4 million shares of our common stock in the six months ended June 30, 2008. In addition, in April 2008 we closed on a new $150.0 million term loan, which increased our total debt capacity to $630.0 million (excluding the $100.0 million revolver expansion feature). We had almost $82.0 million of operating cash flow in the six months ended June 30, 2008, significantly higher than the prior year, and we ended the quarter with just under $137.0 million in cash and cash equivalents.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements requires the application of appropriate accounting policies and the use of estimates. The policies discussed below are considered by management to be critical to an understanding of Gartner’s financial statements because their application requires significant management judgments and estimates. Specific risks for these critical accounting policies are described below.
Revenue recognition — We recognize revenue in accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 101, Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements, and SAB No. 104, Revenue Recognition. Revenue by significant source is accounted for as follows:
  Research revenues are derived from subscription contracts for research products. Revenues from research products are deferred and recognized ratably over the applicable contract term;
 
  Consulting revenues are generated from fixed fee and time and material engagements. Revenue from fixed fee contracts is recognized on a percentage of completion basis. Revenues from time and materials engagements is recognized as work is delivered and/or services are provided;
 
  Events revenues are deferred and recognized upon the completion of the related symposium, conference or exhibition;
 
  Other revenues consist primarily of fees from research reprints which are recognized when the reprint is shipped.
The majority of research contracts are billable upon signing, absent special terms which may be granted from time to time. All research contracts are non-cancelable and non-refundable, except for government contracts that may have 30-day cancellation clauses or fiscal funding clauses, but have not produced material cancellations to date. It is our policy to record the entire amount of the contract that is billable as a fee receivable at the time the contract is signed with a corresponding amount as deferred revenue, since the contract represents a legally enforceable claim. For those government contracts that permit termination, we bill the client the full amount billable under the contract but only record a receivable equal to the earned portion of the contract. In addition, we only record deferred revenue on these government contracts when cash is received. Deferred revenues attributable to government contracts were $54.7 million and $57.6 million at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. In addition, at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company had not recognized uncollected receivables or deferred revenues, relating to government contracts that permit termination, of $8.5 million and $10.8 million, respectively.
Uncollectible fees receivable — The allowance for losses is composed of a bad debt and a sales and allowance reserve. Provisions are charged against earnings. The measurement of likely and probable losses and the allowance for uncollectible fees receivable is based on historical loss experience, aging of outstanding receivables, an assessment of current economic conditions and the financial health of specific clients. This evaluation is inherently judgmental and requires material estimates. These valuation reserves are periodically re-evaluated and adjusted as more information about the ultimate collectibility of fees receivable becomes available. Circumstances that could cause our valuation reserves to increase include changes in our clients’ liquidity and credit quality, other factors negatively impacting our clients’ ability to pay their obligations as they come due, and the effectiveness of our collection efforts. Trade receivables at June 30, 2008 were $313.3 million, which was net of an allowance for losses of approximately $8.4 million. Trade receivables at December 31, 2007 were $354.9 million, which was net of an allowance for losses of approximately $8.4 million.
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets — The evaluation of goodwill is performed in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” This standard requires ongoing annual assessments of goodwill impairment. The evaluation of other intangible assets is performed on a periodic basis. These assessments require management to estimate the fair value of our reporting units based on estimates of future business operations and market and economic conditions in developing long-term forecasts. If we determine that the fair value of any reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we must recognize an impairment charge, for the associated goodwill of that reporting unit, to earnings in our financial statements. The amount of the impairment is based upon the implied fair value of the reporting unit compared to the carrying amount of goodwill. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment at least annually, or

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whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Factors we consider important that could trigger a review for impairment include the following: significant under-performance relative to historical or projected future operating results, significant changes in the manner of our use of acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business, significant negative industry or economic trends, significant decline in our stock price for a sustained period, and our market capitalization relative to net book value.
Due to the numerous variables associated with our judgments and assumptions relating to the valuation of the reporting units and the effects of changes in circumstances affecting these valuations, both the precision and reliability of the resulting estimates are subject to uncertainty, and as additional information becomes known, we may change our estimates.
Accounting for income taxes — As we prepare our consolidated financial statements, we estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions where we operate. This process involves estimating our current tax expense together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included within our consolidated balance sheets. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets when future realization is in question. We consider the availability of loss carryforwards, existing deferred tax liabilities, future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for the valuation allowance. In the event we determine that we are able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of our net recorded amount, an adjustment is made to the deferred tax asset to increase income in the period such determination is made. Likewise, if we determine that we will not be able to realize all or part of our net deferred tax asset in the future, an adjustment to the deferred tax asset is charged against income in the period such determination is made.
We operate in numerous domestic and foreign taxing jurisdictions and our level of operations and profitability in each jurisdiction may have an impact upon the amount of income taxes that we provide in any given year. In addition, our tax filings for various tax years are subject to audit by the tax authorities in jurisdictions where we conduct business. These audits may result in assessments of additional taxes, and resolution of these matters involves uncertainties and there are no assurances that the ultimate resolution will not exceed the amounts provided.
Accounting for stock-based compensation — We account for awards of stock-based compensation in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 123(R), Share-Based Payment (“SFAS No, 123(R)”), as interpreted by SEC SAB No. 107 and SAB No. 110. In accordance with SFAS No. 123(R), the Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense, which is based on the fair value of the award on the date of grant, over the related service period, net of estimated forfeitures (see Note 5 — Stock-Based Compensation in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements).
Determining the appropriate fair value model and calculating the fair value of stock compensation awards requires the input of certain highly complex and subjective assumptions, including the expected life of the stock compensation awards and the Company’s common stock price volatility. In addition, determining the appropriate amount of associated periodic expense requires management to estimate the rate of employee forfeitures and the likelihood of achievement of certain performance targets. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock compensation awards and the associated periodic expense represent management’s best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of judgment. As a result, if factors change and the Company deems it necessary in the future to modify the assumptions it made or to use different assumptions, or if the quantity and nature of the Company’s stock-based compensation awards changes, then the amount of expense may need to be adjusted and future stock compensation expense could be materially different from what has been recorded in the current period.
Contingencies and other loss reserves and accruals — We may record accruals for severance costs, lease costs associated with excess facilities, contract terminations and asset impairments as a result of actions we undertake to streamline our organization, reposition certain businesses and reduce ongoing costs. Estimates of costs to be incurred to complete these actions, such as future lease payments, sublease income, the fair value of assets, and severance and related benefits, are based on assumptions at the time the actions are initiated. To the extent actual costs differ from those estimates, reserve levels may need to be adjusted against earnings. In addition, these actions may be revised due to changes in business conditions that we did not foresee at the time such plans were approved. Additionally, we record accruals for estimated incentive compensation costs during each year. Amounts accrued at the end of each reporting period are based on our estimates and may require adjustment as the ultimate amount paid associated with these incentives are sometimes not known until after year-end.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Overall Results
Total revenues increased 17% for the three months ended June 30, 2008, to $343.9 million compared to $292.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007, and increased $77.0 million, or 14%, when comparing the first six months of 2008 to the

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first six months of 2007, to $634.0 million from $557.0 million. Excluding the favorable effects of foreign currency translation, revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 would have increased 13% and 9%, respectively. Please refer to the section of this MD&A entitled “Segment Results” for a further discussion of revenues by segment.
Cost of services and product development increased $15.3 million, or 11%, to $152.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2008, from $136.8 million in the second quarter of 2007. The impact of foreign exchange added $6.0 million of expense, and excluding this impact, cost of services and product development would have increased about 7%. We also had $4.5 million of additional expenses for merit salary increases and commissions, and about $2.4 million of additional conference costs related to the shift in our Events calendar. As a percentage of sales, Cost of services and product development was 44% and 47% for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, due to several factors. These factors include improved leverage in our Research business, improved productivity in core consulting, improved revenue performance of our higher margin contract optimization business in our Consulting segment, and continued tight expense controls. The improved margin also reflects to some extent a delay in certain investments and expenses to later in the year, a decision we made due to the uncertain economic environment.
Cost of services and product development increased $17.9 million, or 7%, when comparing the first six months of 2008 with the first six months of 2007, to $278.1 million from $260.2 million. The impact of foreign exchange added about $10.0 million of expense, along with $9.6 million of higher merit salary, commissions, and benefit costs. Offsetting these higher charges was a decrease of about $3.0 million due to lower headcount costs, primarily due to our exit from consulting operations in Asia in mid-2007. As a percentage of sales, cost of services and product development was 44% and 47% for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, due to the same factors discussed in the quarter-over-quarter results above.
Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) increased $17.9 million, or 15%, to $137.7 million in the second quarter of 2008 from $119.9 million in the second quarter of 2007. SG&A expenses increased $33.7 million, or 14%, to $268.6 million from $235.0 million when comparing the six months ended June 30, 2008 to the same period in 2007. Excluding the unfavorable effect of foreign currency translation, SG&A expense would have increased by 11% for both the quarter and year-over-year periods.
The increase in SG&A expenses on a quarterly and year-to-date basis resulted primarily from increased investment in our sales organization, the impact of foreign exchange, and increases in other payroll and benefits costs. Growth in our sales organization resulted in about $6.2 million and $14.2 million of additional payroll and benefits, commission, and travel expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008. We now have 837 quota-bearing sales associates, a 9% increase over June 30, 2007. The impact of foreign exchange added about $4.3 million and $8.1 million of expense over the prior year quarter and year-to-date periods, respectively. We also had higher payroll and related benefits costs for our other staff of $3.8 million and $9.0 million for the quarterly and year-over-year periods, respectively, which includes charges for additional sales recruiting headcount, which we recently in-sourced. Consistent with this change was a decline in external recruiting fees for both the quarterly and year-over-year periods.
Depreciation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2008 increased slightly, to $6.1 million, compared to $6.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007. For the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, depreciation expense was $12.6 million and $11.7 million, an increase of $0.9 million, or 8%, reflecting higher investment in prior periods. Capital spending has increased $0.5 million in 2008 over the prior year, with $13.0 million purchased in the first half of 2008 and $12.4 million in the first half of 2007.
Amortization of intangibles was $0.4 million in the second quarter of 2008 compared to $0.6 million in the prior year quarter. Amortization of intangibles for the six months ended June 30, 2008 was $0.8 million compared to $1.1 million in the same period in 2007. Both of the decreases were due to certain intangibles becoming fully amortized in 2007.
other charges was zero for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, and $9.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2007, which included charges of $8.7 million related to the Expert Choice litigation settlement and $2.7 million of restructuring costs related to the Company’s exit from consulting operations in Asia. Offsetting these charges was a credit of $2.3 million related to an excess facility which the Company returned to service.
interest expense, net was $5.0 million and $5.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and $9.7 million and $11.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The decrease in our interest expense was mostly due to a decline in the weighted-average interest rate on our outstanding debt.

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The weighted-average interest rate on our debt was 3.8% and 6.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. However, the favorable impact of the lower average rate was substantially offset by an increase in the weighted-average amount of debt outstanding of $60.0 million in the second quarter of 2008 compared to the second quarter of 2007.
For the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, the weighted-average interest rate on our debt was 4.5% and 6.1% respectively. The impact of the lower average rate was partially offset by an increase in the weighted-average amount of debt outstanding of approximately $43.0 million. During the first half of 2007 we also had $0.5 million of additional interest expense related to the write-off of debt issuance costs as a result of our debt refinancing in early 2007.
other (expense) income, net for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 was $(0.2) million and $0.4 million, respectively, which primarily consisted of net foreign currency exchange gains and losses. Other (expense) income, net for the three and six months ended June 30, 2007 was $1.8 million, primarily due to a gain from the settlement of a claim.
provision for income taxes on continuing operations was $12.3 million in the second quarter of 2008 as compared to $4.9 million in the second quarter of 2007. The effective tax rate was 29.1% for the second quarter of 2008 and 28.9% for the second quarter of 2007. The effective income tax rate for the second quarter of 2008 was different than the effective income tax rate for the second quarter of 2007 due to a change in the estimated mix of pre-tax income by jurisdiction which decreased the rate in the second quarter of 2008. This reduction in the rate was offset by increases in the rate relating to certain discrete items. Discrete items in the second quarter of 2008 include the release of reserves due to the expiration of the relevant statutes. Discrete items in the second quarter of 2007 include the release of valuation allowances relating to net operating losses in certain Asian countries, as well as the receipt of income related to the settlement of a claim for which no tax cost was associated.
(loss) income from discontinued operations, net of taxes, which includes the results of the Company’s Vision Events business, was $(0.2) million and $6.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively, and $2.1 million and $1.3 million for the same periods in 2007, respectively. In the first quarter of 2008, the Company sold its Vision Events business, which had been part of the Company’s Events segment. The results for the six months ended June 30, 2008 includes a gain on the sale of approximately $7.1 million.
SEGMENT RESULTS
We evaluate reportable segment performance and allocate resources based on gross contribution margin. Gross contribution is defined as operating income excluding certain Cost of services and product development, and Selling, general and administrative expenses, Depreciation, Amortization of intangibles and Other charges. Gross contribution margin is defined as gross contribution as a percentage of revenues.
Research
Revenue in our Research business was up 20% for the three months ended June 30, 2008, to $195.8 million, from $163.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2007. For the six months ended June 30, 2008, Research revenues increased $62.8 million or 19%, to $385.3 million compared to $322.6 million for the same period of 2007. For both the second quarter and year-to-date periods of 2008 we had growth across our entire product portfolio. Excluding the favorable impact of foreign currency, revenue was up about 15% over both the prior year quarter and year-to-date periods.
Research gross contribution of $127.9 million for the second quarter of 2008 increased 25% from $102.6 million for the second quarter of 2007, while gross contribution margin for the second quarter of 2008 increased 2 points, to 65% from 63% in the prior year period. For the six months ended June 30, 2008, gross contribution increased to $252.9 million, from $201.9 million in the comparable prior year period, a 25% increase, while the contribution margin increased 3 points, to 66% from 63%. The quarter and year-over-year contribution margin improved primarily due to operating leverage from our stronger revenue performance and tight cost controls.
At June 30, 2008, contract value was $794.2 million, up 16% from $683.0 million at June 30, 2007, driven by increases in both Core research and Executive Programs. Adjusted for the favorable impact of foreign currency translation, contract value was up about 13% year-over-year. At June 30, 2008, our research client retention rate remained strong at 81%, but was down slightly from 82% as of June 30, 2007. Wallet retention was 101% at June 30, 2008, down from 103% at June 30, 2007, but still represents our sixth consecutive quarter with wallet retention of 100% or greater. Our Executive Program membership was 3,635 at June 30, 2008 compared to 3,605 members at June 30, 2007.

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Consulting
Consulting revenues were $94.6 million and $83.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, an $11.1 million, or 13% increase. Consulting revenues were $172.7 million and $159.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, an increase of $12.9 million, or 8%. Excluding the favorable impact of foreign currency translation, revenues for the second quarter and six months 2008 were up 8% and 3%, respectively. The improved quarterly results reflect strength in both our contract optimization business, which was principally timing-driven, and in our core consulting business, which was attributable to higher utilization and billing rates. The year-over-year increase was primarily due to stronger performance in core consulting, again due to higher utilization and billing rates, and to a lesser extent, improved results in our contract optimization business, again due to timing. Billable headcount was 478 at June 30, 2008 compared to 487 at June 30, 2007, reflecting the headcount reduction related to our exit from consulting operations in Asia in mid-2007. The Company believes the improved revenue in the contract optimization business was to some extent timing related.
Consulting gross contribution of $40.5 million for the second quarter of 2008 increased 18% from the $34.3 million for the second quarter of 2007, while contribution margin for the second quarter of 2008 increased 2 points, to 43% from 41% in the prior year quarter. Gross contribution of $71.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008 increased 15% from the $62.3 million for the same period of 2007, while contribution margin increased 3 points, to 42%. The increase in gross contribution and gross contribution margin for both the quarter and year-to-date periods was driven by strength in our contract optimization business, which has a higher margin than core consulting, as well as higher utilization and billing rates in core consulting.
Our consultant utilization rates were 75% and 74% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively, compared to 73% and 70% in the same periods in 2007, respectively. The billing rate remained above $350 per hour for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2008. Our average annualized revenue per billable headcount was approximately $476,000 for the first half of 2008, about 11% higher than the first half of 2007, and was up about 8% for the second quarter of 2008 over the prior year quarter. These strong metrics reflect lower headcount, improved engagement management, and the continuation of our focus on more profitable geographies and engagements.
Consulting backlog, which represents future revenues to be recognized from in-process consulting, measurement and SAS, was $111.3 million at June 30, 2008, compared to $108.8 million at June 30, 2007.
Events
Events revenues increased 20% in the three months ended June 30, 2008, rising to $51.0 million from $42.4 million in the prior year quarter. Excluding the favorable impact of foreign currency translation, events revenues were up about 14%. The increase in revenues was primarily due to the timing of our events calendar. The Company held 25 events in the second quarter of 2008, compared to 20 events held in the second quarter of 2007. The 25 events held in the second quarter of 2008 included 16 on-going events, 5 new events, and 4 large continuing events that were shifted into the second quarter in 2008 which were held in the first quarter in 2007. Attendance at events was 13,873 for the three month period ended June 30, 2008, compared to 12,842 in the comparable prior year period, an 8% increase, which was favorably impacted by timing as discussed above.
For the six months ended June 30, 2008, Events revenues increased 3%, or $2.3 million, to $71.5 million compared to $69.3 million for the same period of 2007. However, excluding the favorable impact of foreign currency translation, revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2008 were down about 2% from the prior year, primarily due to lower exhibitor revenues. While exhibitor pricing was higher, the number of exhibitors declined. We held 37 events in the first half of 2008 compared to 32 in the prior year period. The 37 events held in the first half of 2008 included 29 on-going events and 8 new events. Attendee revenue was also down from the prior year. While attendee pricing was also higher, attendance at events was down, with 19,129 attendees for year-to-date 2008, compared to 20,234 attendees in the comparable prior year period, a 6% decrease.
Gross contribution was $22.6 million, or 44% of revenues for the second quarter of 2008, compared to $19.3 million, or 46% of revenues for the second quarter of 2007. Gross contribution of $31.6 million for the first six months of 2008 decreased from $33.9 million in 2007, while gross contribution margin declined by 5 points, to 44% from 49%. The decrease in gross contribution margin for both the quarter and year-to-date periods was primarily due to lower revenues on a foreign currency neutral basis and to a lesser extent, the impact of lower margin new events.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Cash provided by operating activities totaled $81.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008, compared to cash provided of $43.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007. The increase in cash flow from operating activities was due to increased cash from our core operations and improvement in our working capital, in particular faster collection of receivables,

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and to a lesser extent, lower cash payments for interest, workforce reduction costs, and excess facilities. These improvements were partially offset by higher cash payments for bonuses and taxes.
Cash used in investing activities was $5.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008, compared to cash used of $12.4 million in the prior year period. We had capital expenditures of $13.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2008, which was offset by net cash proceeds from the sale of our Vision Events business of $7.8 million. We had capital expenditures of $12.4 million in the prior year period.
Cash used in financing activities totaled $53.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008, compared to cash provided of $1.5 million in the six months ended June 30, 2007. The decrease in cash from financing activities was primarily due to a significantly higher use of cash for stock repurchases in 2008, which was somewhat offset by cash proceeds from additional debt. We increased our use of cash to repurchase shares by $123.3 million in 2008, as we repurchased $153.0 million of our common stock in the six months ended June 30, 2008, compared to $29.7 million in the prior year six-month period. We borrowed an additional $76.0 million in the first half of 2008, compared to a reduction in our net debt outstanding of $10.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2007. We received proceeds from stock issued for stock plans of $18.6 million and $27.5 million in the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, a decrease of $8.9 million, driven by lower exercise activity due to a lower average stock price in 2008.
At June 30, 2008, cash and cash equivalents totaled $136.9 million, compared to $109.9 million at December 31, 2007. The effect of exchange rate changes increased cash and cash equivalents by approximately $4.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2008. Our cash and cash equivalents are held in numerous locations throughout the world, with approximately 90% held outside the U.S. as of June 30, 2008.
OBLIGATIONS AND COMMITMENTS
Credit Agreement
The Company has a Credit Agreement that provides for a $180.0 million term loan, a $150.0 million term loan, and a $300.0 million revolving credit facility. The revolving credit facility may be increased up to an additional $100.0 million at the discretion of our lenders (the “expansion feature”), for a total revolving credit facility of $400.0 million. At June 30, 2008, the Company had $469.8 million outstanding under this borrowing arrangement.
See Note 9 — Debt in the accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited) for additional information regarding the Company’s Credit Agreement.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Through June 30, 2008, we have not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements or transactions with unconsolidated entities or other persons.
BUSINESS AND TRENDS
Our quarterly and annual revenue, operating income, and cash flow fluctuate as a result of many factors, including the timing of the execution of research contracts, the timing of Symposia and other events, as well as the extent of completion of consulting engagements, the amount of new business generated, the mix of domestic and international business, changes in market demand for our products and services, the timing of the development, introduction and marketing of new products and services, and competition in the industry. The potential fluctuations in our operating income could cause period-to-period comparisons of operating results not to be meaningful and could provide an unreliable indication of future operating results.
FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT FUTURE PERFORMANCE
We operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment that involves numerous risks and uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control. In addition, we and our clients are affected by the economy. A description of the risk factors associated with our business is included under “Risk Factors” contained in Item 1A. of our 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference.
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (“SFAS No. 141R”), which replaces FASB Statement No. 141. SFAS No. 141R establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer recognizes and

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measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, any non controlling interest in the acquiree, and the goodwill acquired in a business combination. The Statement also establishes disclosure requirements which will enable users to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination. SFAS No. 141R is effective as of the beginning of an entity’s fiscal year that begins after December 15, 2008, which will be the Company’s fiscal year beginning January 1, 2009. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact, if any, the adoption of SFAS No. 141R will have on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statement—amendments of ARB No. 51 (“SFAS No. 160”).” SFAS No. 160 requires the accounting and reporting of minority interests as noncontrolling interests and classified as a component of equity. The statement also establishes reporting requirements that provide sufficient disclosures that clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the parent and the interests of the noncontrolling owners. SFAS No. 160 applies to all entities that prepare consolidated financial statements, except not-for-profit organizations, but will affect only those entities that have an outstanding noncontrolling interest in one or more subsidiaries or that deconsolidate a subsidiary. The statement is effective as of the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2008, which will be the Company’s fiscal year beginning January 1, 2009. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact, if any, the adoption of SFAS No. 160 will have on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosure about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities—an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133” (“SFAS No. 161”). SFAS No. 161 requires enhanced disclosures about how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, how derivative instruments and the related hedged items are accounted for under SFAS No. 133, and how derivative instruments and the related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance and cash flows. SFAS No. 161 is effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning January 1, 2009. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact, if any, the adoption of SFAS No. 160 will have on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, cash flows, and disclosures.
In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162, “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles” (“SFAS No. 162”). SFAS No. 162 identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles to be used in the preparation of financial statements of nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (commonly referred to as the GAAP hierarchy). The statement is effective 60 days following the SEC’s approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board amendments to AU Section 411, The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact, if any, the adoption of SFAS No. 162 will have on its financial position, results of operations, cash flows, and disclosures.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest Rate Risk
As of June 30, 2008, we have exposure to changes in interest rates since we had $469.8 outstanding under our credit facility, consisting of $166.5 million outstanding on our original term loan and $146.3 million outstanding on our new term loan, as well as $157.0 million outstanding on our revolver. These loans all have floating rates of interest, with borrowings under these lines either prime-based or Libor-based. Interest rates under these borrowings include a base rate plus a margin between 0.00% and 0.75% on prime borrowings and between 0.625% and 1.75% on Libor borrowings.
We have two interest rate swap contracts which effectively convert the base floating interest rates on our term loans to fixed rates. Accordingly, the base interest rates on our original term loan and new term loan are effectively capped at 5.06% and 2.92%, respectively. However, we are still exposed to interest rate risk on the revolver. A 25 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates would change pre-tax annual interest expense on the revolver by approximately $0.8 million when fully utilized.
Investment Risk
None.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
We face two risks related to foreign currency exchange: translation risk and transaction risk.

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Amounts invested in our foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the stockholders’ equity section of the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our foreign subsidiaries generally collect revenues and pay expenses in currencies other than the United States dollar. Since the functional currencies of our foreign operations are generally denominated in the local currency of our subsidiaries, the foreign currency translation adjustments are reflected as a component of stockholders’ equity and do not impact operating results. Revenues and expenses in foreign currencies translate into higher or lower revenues and expenses in U.S. dollars as the U.S. dollar weakens or strengthens against other currencies. Therefore, changes in exchange rates may negatively affect our consolidated revenues and expenses (as expressed in U.S. dollars) from foreign operations.
We are exposed to foreign currency transaction risk since we enter into foreign currency forward exchange contracts to offset the effects of adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. These instruments are typically short-term and are reflected at fair value with both realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded in earnings. At June 30, 2008, we had 8 foreign currency forward contracts outstanding with a total notional amount of approximately $66.1 million and a net unrealized gain of under $0.1 million. All of these contracts expired by the end of July 2008.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
We have established disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that the information we are required to disclose in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported in a timely manner. Specifically, these controls and procedures ensure that the information is accumulated and communicated to our executive management team, including our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management conducted an evaluation, as of June 30, 2008, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, under the supervision and with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer. Based upon that evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
In addition, there have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are involved in legal proceedings and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. We believe that the potential liability, if any, in excess of amounts already accrued from all proceedings, claims and litigation will not have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations when resolved in a future period.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
A description of the risk factors associated with our business is included under “Risk Factors” contained in Item 1A. of our 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.
There were no unregistered sales of equity securities during the period covered by this report.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
In February 2007, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a new program to repurchase up to $200.0 million of Gartner common stock, which the Board of Directors supplemented with an additional $250.0 million authorization for share repurchases in February 2008. The following table provides detail related to repurchases of our common stock for treasury in 2008 under this program:
                         
                    Approximate
                    Dollar Value of
                    Shares that
                    may yet be
                    Purchased
                    Under our
                    Share
    Total Number           Repurchase
    of Shares   Average Price   Program
Period   Purchased   Paid Per Share   (in thousands)
2008
                       
January
    540,353     $ 15.55          
February
    1,293,837       18.67          
March
    1,725,616       19.41          
     
Total
    3,559,806     $ 18.55          
     
 
                       
April
    1,712,100     $ 21.57          
May
    888,922       23.47          
June (a)
    1,250,336       21.50          
     
Total
    3,851,358     $ 21.99          
     
 
                       
Total purchased through June 30, 2008.
    7,411,164     $ 20.34     $ 130.2  
     
 
(a)   Includes 1,250,000 shares of common stock purchased directly from Silver Lake at a price of $21.50 per share.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
The 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Gartner, Inc. was held on June 5, 2008. A total of 92,439,480 shares of the Company’s Common Stock was present or represented by proxy at the meeting. This represented 96.3% of the Company’s outstanding shares of Common Stock. The following matters were voted on and approved:
1. Proposal 1 — Election of Directors to a one year term:
                 
Name   Votes For   Votes Withheld
Michael J. Bingle
    91,413,674       1,025,806  
Richard J. Bressler
    91,676,400       763,080  
Karen E. Dykstra
    91,802,742       636,738  
Russell P. Fradin
    91,796,968       642,512  
Anne Sutherland Fuchs
    91,682,930       756,550  

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Name   Votes For   Votes Withheld
William O. Grabe
    90,441,657       1,997,823  
Eugene A. Hall
    91,682,376       757,104  
Max D. Hopper
    91,465,174       974,306  
John R. Joyce
    88,450,826       3,988,654  
Stephen G. Pagliuca
    91,518,673       920,807  
James C. Smith
    91,560,666       878,814  
Jeffrey W. Ubben
    86,768,831       5,670,649  
 
2.   Proposal 2 — Ratify Selection of KPMG LLP as independent registered public accounting firm for fiscal 2008: 91,767,832 for, 79,052 against and 592,596 abstain.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
(a) Exhibits
     
EXHIBIT    
NUMBER   DESCRIPTION OF DOCUMENT
31.1
  Certification of chief executive officer under Rule 13a — 14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act.
 
   
31.2
  Certification of chief financial officer under Rule 13a — 14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act.
 
   
32
  Certification under 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
Items 3 and 5 of Part II are not applicable and have been omitted.

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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
         
 
        Gartner, Inc.    
 
       
Date July 30, 2008
  /s/ Christopher J. Lafond    
 
       
 
       Christopher J. Lafond    
 
       Executive Vice President    
 
       and Chief Financial Officer    
 
       (Principal Financial and    
 
       Accounting Officer)    

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