July 30, 2007
Dear Gryphon Gold Shareholder:
We are pleased to review the achievements of your company during the past year and to personally invite you to attend the upcoming Annual General Meeting.
Over the past twelve months the Directors of Gryphon Gold Corporation have changed the direction of the company. We decided in November 2006 that starting a mine on the Borealis property was not in the best interests of the Company. While the decision was disappointing to some of our shareholders, it is our belief it was the right decision. Since November, we have streamlined the Company, we have refocused our exploration team on the big potential of finding more sulphide based gold resources on the Borealis property, and worked to enlarge and diversify our land position in Nevada with the recently announced acquisition of Nevada Eagle Resources.
Borealis Property Update:
Graben Deposit
The Graben deposit now has continuous gold mineralization extending over a length of 700 meters with the width increasing from 200 to 600 meters as it trends north and a true thickness ranging from 50 to 150 meters. Recent drilling results indicate that there is a potential to extend the Graben significantly in a South Western direction that looks to be either a western extension to the Graben or an entirely new parallel system. Only further drilling will help determine the full extent of the lateral expansion.
Resource Calculation
AMEC is nearly complete with a detailed recalculation of the resource estimate for the Borealis property. The advantages of this review are that confidence in the resource calculations has improved and we have developed a geologic model that is being used to determine the best drilling locations to expand the Graben resource. So far the model is working very well.
Pediment Exploration
Exploration of the Borealis district has been focused on two distinct gold-bearing hydrothermal systems that were recently identified beneath the pediments, the Lucky Boy zone in the Central Pediment and the Vuggy Hills trend in the Western Pediment, 3.0 km and 5.3 km northwest of the Graben sulphide gold resource, respectively.
Geophysical survey results support the conclusions drawn from the alteration interpretation and geochemical results (trace element signature associated with the quartz-pyrite alteration in these holes), which suggest that the holes are on the margins of a major gold-bearing hydrothermal system. These results should assist in targeting the higher grade, sulphide-rich, structurally disrupted zones within the system.
810-1130 West Pender St.In summary, these results support the view that the Borealis system is one of the largest known volcanic-hosted high-sulphidation gold-bearing mineralized systems in Nevada. To date favorable gold-bearing horizons totaling more than 8 square miles (of an estimated 20 square miles of favorable alteration) have been identified in the Central and Western Pediments. The challenge now is to locate another structurally disrupted zone within these horizons that contains higher grade gold mineralization similar or potentially larger with higher grade than the Graben resource. Continued exploration confirming such a system would materially add to the value of the company.
Nevada Eagle Acquisition Update:
In July 2007, the company reported the execution of a definitive agreement to acquire all the outstanding shares of Nevada Eagle Resources LLC ("NER"), a privately held Nevada corporation. Upon closing, Jerry Baughman, NER's founder, is expected to become the VP of Corporate Development for Gryphon Gold. NER and Jerry Baughman are well known in the Nevada mining community. The acquisition will add 54 highly prospective gold properties covering over 70 square miles in the most desirable gold trends in Nevada. Twelve of the properties are in the Walker Lane and add to Gryphon's inventory of volcanogenic hosted gold resources. Twenty-six of the properties are 'farmed-out' through lease and options agreements that generate a positive cash flow net of carrying costs, plus potential capital appreciation via shares in the optionees. The addition of these properties to our premier asset, the expanding Borealis gold resource, together with our excellent team of geologists, transforms Gryphon Gold from
the Borealis exploration company into one of the top exploration companies in Nevada under very favorable terms. Management plans to spend the next several months reviewing the new properties and selecting ones on which to begin exploration and development activities. In addition, management will continue to look for opportunities to build Gryphon's land position in Nevada.Our Annual General Meeting has been scheduled for September 6th, 2007 in Vancouver, British Columbia. We sincerely hope you can attend in person. If you are unable, please take the time to complete your proxy card and return it by mail.
We continue to be optimistic regarding the long-term prospects for gold investments and are very enthusiastic about the potential of the Borealis Property plus our new acquisitions.
Sincerely, | |
"Albert J. Matter" | "Tony Ker" |
Albert J. Matter | Tony Ker |
Executive Chairman | Chief Executive Officer |
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
FORM 10-KSB
Q
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF
1934
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007
OR
£
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION
13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ______ to ______
Commission file number: 333-127635
GRYPHON GOLD CORPORATION | |
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter) | |
Nevada | 92-0185596 |
(State of other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
1130 West Pender, Suite 810 | |
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada | V6E 4A4 |
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) | (Zip Code) |
(604) 261-2229 | |
(Registrant's Telephone Number, including Area Code) |
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT: None
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT: Common Stock, $0.001 par value
Check whether the issuer (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act") during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes Q No £
Check if there is no disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-B contained in this form, and no disclosure will be contained, to the best of the registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-KSB or any amendment to this Form 10-KSB. £
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company, as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Yes £ No Q
State issuer's revenues for its most recent fiscal year: NIL
The aggregate market value of the 32,817,739 shares of the registrant's common equity (both voting and non-voting) held by non-affiliates, based on an average bid and asked price for the registrant's common equity of Cdn$0.82 on June 6, 2007 as quoted on the Toronto Stock Exchange, converted to US$ based on a noon buying rate as reported by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York of Cdn$1.0586 to US$1, was $25,420,882. For purposes of this computation all officers, directors and 5% beneficial owners of the registrant are deemed to be affiliates. Such determination should not be deemed an admission that such officers, directors and beneficial owners are, in fact, affiliates of the registrant.
Transitional Small Business Disclosure Format (check one): Yes £ No Q
Common Shares outstanding as of June 19, 2007: 47,491,395
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS | 1 |
PART I | 2 |
ITEM 1. DESCRIPTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS | 2 |
RISK FACTORS AND UNCERTAINTIES | 7 |
ITEM 2. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY | 16 |
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | 41 |
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS | 42 |
PART II | 43 |
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS | 43 |
ITEM 6. MANAGEMENT' S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS | 45 |
ITEM 7. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 52 |
ITEM 8. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE | 74 |
ITEM 8A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 74 |
ITEM 8B. OTHER INFORMATION | 74 |
PART III | 75 |
ITEM 9. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS | 75 |
ITEM 10. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION | 79 |
ITEM 11. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDERS MATTERS | 83 |
ITEM 12. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE | 85 |
ITEM 13. EXHIBITS | 86 |
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES | 88 |
SIGNATURES | 88 |
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This annual report on Form 10-KSB and the exhibits attached hereto contain "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward looking statements concern the Company's anticipated results and developments in the Company's operations in future periods, planned exploration and development of its properties, plans related to its business and other matters that may occur in the future. These statements relate to analyses and other information that are based on forecasts of future results, estimates of amounts not yet determinable and assumptions of management.
Any statements that express or involve discussions with respect to predictions, expectations, beliefs, plans, projections, objectives, assumptions or future events or performance (often, but not always, using words or phrases such as "expects" or "does not expect", "is expected", "anticipates" or "does not anticipate", "plans", "estimates" or "intends", or stating that certain actions, events or results "may", "could", "would", "might" or "will" be taken, occur or be achieved) are not statements of historical fact and may be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to a variety of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which could cause actual events or results to differ from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including, without limitation:
the timing and possible outcome of pending regulatory and permitting matters;
the timing and outcome of our possible feasibility study;
the parameters and design of any potential mining facilities on the Borealis Property;
future financial or operating performances of Gryphon Gold, its subsidiaries, and its projects;
the estimation of mineral resources and the realization of mineral reserves, if any, based on mineral resource estimates;
the timing of exploration, development, and production activities and estimated future production, if any;
estimates related to costs of production, capital, operating and exploration expenditures;
requirements for additional capital and our ability to raise additional capital;
government regulation of mining operations, environmental risks, reclamation and rehabilitation expenses;
title disputes or claims;
limitations of insurance coverage; and
the future price of gold, silver, or other minerals.
This list is not exhaustive of the factors that may affect our forward-looking statements. Some of the important risks and uncertainties that could affect forward-looking statements are described further under the sections titled "Risk Factors and Uncertainties", "Description of the Business" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis" of this prospectus. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, believed, estimated or expected. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. We disclaim any obligation subsequently to revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events.
We qualify all the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus by the foregoing cautionary statements.
1
PART I
ITEM 1. DESCRIPTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS
Name and Incorporation
Gryphon Gold Corporation was formed under the laws of the State of Nevada on April 24, 2003.
Our principal business office, which also serves as our administration and financing office is located in Canada at Suite 810, 1130 West Pender Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6E 4A4, and our telephone number there is 604-261-2229.
We own 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of our operating subsidiary, Borealis Mining Company. We have no other subsidiary. Borealis Mining Company was formed under the laws of the State of Nevada on June 5, 2003.
History and Background of Company
We were established as a private company in April 2003 by Albert Matter and Allen Gordon to acquire and develop gold properties in the United States. Our objective is to establish a producing gold company through the development and extraction of gold deposits.
In July 2003, through our wholly-owned subsidiary Borealis Mining, we acquired from Golden Phoenix an option to earn up to a 70% joint venture interest in the mining lease for the Borealis Property (July 2003 Option and Joint Venture Agreement) by making qualified development expenditures on that property.
In October 2003, we engaged a mining consultant to develop a preliminary scoping study for the redevelopment of the Borealis Property.
During 2004, we completed drilling, technical and engineering work necessary to prepare a Plan of Operation in respect of the development of an open pit, heap leach mine on the Borealis Property. We submitted the Plan of Operation to the U.S. Forest Service on August 27, 2004, and we continue to work on satisfying all the requirements of the various approval agencies and completing all necessary reviews, including the approval of the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection. The principal mine operating permits were granted in 2006. A further discussion of operating permits and other governmental regulation concerns is described under the caption "Permitting," below.
Following the course established by the recommendations in the preliminary scoping study, and based on additional geologic field work that was completed in 2004, we retained Ore Reserves Engineering, consulting resource modeling engineers, to complete an updated resource estimate model in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 of the Canadian Securities Administrators. In May 2005, Ore Reserves Engineering delivered the report titled
Technical Report on the Mineral Resources of the Borealis Gold Project Located in Mineral County, Nevada which we refer to as the "Technical Report."
On January 10, 2005, Borealis Mining entered into a purchase agreement with Golden Phoenix which gave Borealis Mining the right to purchase the interest of Golden Phoenix in the Borealis Property for $1,400,000. Golden Phoenix transferred its interest in the Borealis Property to Borealis Mining on January 28, 2005. Borealis Mining paid $400,000 of the purchase price to Golden Phoenix upon closing of the purchase, and four additional quarterly payments of $250,000 were made to Golden Phoenix. With the final payment of $250,000 on January 24, 2006, Borealis Mining completed all the required payments under the purchase agreement and now has 100% control of the Borealis Property. A portion of the Borealis Property is subject to mining leases, as described under the caption "Borealis Property," below.
As sole shareholder of Borealis Mining, we control all of the lease rights to a portion of the Borealis Property, subject to advance royalty, production royalty, and other payment obligations imposed by the lease. Our acquisition of the interest of Golden Phoenix in the Borealis Property terminated the July 2003 Option and Joint Venture Agreement.
2
In addition to our leasehold interest to a portion of the Borealis Property, we also own through Borealis Mining numerous unpatented mining claims that make up the balance of the Borealis Property, and all of the documentation and samples from years of exploration and development programs carried out by the previous operators of the Borealis Property, totaling thousands of pages of data including, but not limited to, geophysical surveys, mineralogical studies and metallurgical testing reports.
On July 11, 2005, we accepted a joint proposal for a feasibility study from the firms of Samuel Engineering, Inc. and Knight Piesold and Company. Samuel Engineering provides services including metallurgical process development and design, and Knight Piesold provides mining, metallurgical and environmental engineering services. Both companies have worked together recently on completing similar studies.
During the period from our inception on April 24, 2003 through March 31, 2004, we funded our capital needs by raising $2,419,200 in private placements, issuing 14,376,000 shares of common stock at prices ranging from $0.10 per share to $0.225 per share.
During our fiscal year ended March 31, 2005, we raised $175,000 by issuing 500,000 shares of common stock to an executive officer at $0.35 per share under the terms of his employment agreement. We raised an additional $4,430,375 by issuing 6,815,962 units in a series of private placements. Each unit consisted of one share of common stock and one-half of one share purchase warrant, each whole warrant exercisable to acquire one share of common stock at $0.90 per share until the earlier of two years from the issue date and nine months following the date on which common stock is listed on a public stock exchange (subsequently revised to expire on December 22, 2006).
During our fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2005, we raised $3,919,765 by issuing 6,030,408 units in a series of private placements. Each unit consisted of one share of common stock and one-half of one share purchase warrant, each whole warrant exercisable to acquire one share of common stock at $0.90 per share until the earlier of two years from the issue date and nine months following the date on which common stock is listed on a public stock exchange (subsequently revised to expire on December 22, 2006.).
On August 11, 2005, our Board authorized an increase in our authorized capital to consist of 150,000,000 shares of common stock, par $0.001, and 15,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par $0.001. The increase was approved by shareholders.
On December 22, 2005, we completed our initial public offering of 6.9 million units for gross proceeds of approximately $ 5,036,497 with net proceeds of $2,794,557 after deducting costs of $2,241,940. The units were sold at a price of $0.73 (Cdn$0.85) each and consisted of one common share and one Class A warrant. Each Class A warrant is exercisable for a period of 12 months at a price of Cdn$1.15. The common shares are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol "GGN." The offering was underwritten by a syndicate of Canadian underwriters which included Desjardins Securities, CIBC World Markets, Border Investment Partners and Orion Securities. The units were offered for sale pursuant to a prospectus filed in four Canadian provinces (British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba and Ontario). The units were also registered in a registration statement filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. The proceeds of the offering will be used principally for the completion of the Company's feasibility study for its Borealis Property and its exploration program on the Borealis Property, as well as for working capital.
3
On March 24, 2006, we closed the private placement of 5,475,000 units for sale at Cdn$1.25 to a limited number of accredited investors in Canada and the United States. Each unit consisted of one common share and one half of one Series B purchase warrant. The Series B warrants are exercisable until March 23, 2007 at a price of Cdn$1.65. The private offering raised gross proceeds of Cdn$6.8 million. We paid qualified registered dealers a 7% cash commission and issued compensation options to acquire 280,500 common shares at price of Cdn$1.40 until March 23, 2007 on a portion of the private placement. The shares, warrants and underlying shares were not qualified by prospectus and have not been registered under U.S. securities laws and are subject to resale restrictions. The Company granted registration rights to the investors in this private placement and used commercially reasonable efforts to prepare and file with the SEC, within 120 days of closing, a registration statement under the Securities Act and caused such statement to be declared effective and remain effective. The proceeds of this offering have been and will be applied to fund the continuation of our exploration and development program on the Borealis Property.
In June 2006, we closed a private placement with our new Chief Financial Officer and our Corporate Controller. Mr. Longinotti was appointed as new Chief Financial Officer to the Company, effective May 15, 2006, and the Company has agreed to enter into a formal employment agreement with him in due course. Mr. Longinotti received through a private placement as compensation: 100,000 Units of the Company at a price of Cdn$1.35; with each Unit consisting of one (1) share of the Company's common stock with a par value of $0.001 and one-half (1/2) of one (1) share purchase Series D Warrant. The common stock was issued May 26, 2006, and the Series D warrants were issued June 10, 2006. Mr. Longinotti's employment commenced April 18, 2006. Mr. Rajwant Kang is the Corporate Controller to the Company. In June of this year, as part of a private placement, Mr. Kang was issued 29,000 Units of the Company at a price of Cdn$1.35; with each Unit consisting of one (1) share of the Company's common stock with a par value of $0.001 and one-half (1/2) of one (1) share purchase Series D Warrant. The common stock was issued June 2, 2006, and the Series D warrants were issued June 10, 2006.
On November 30, 2006, our board of directors concluded that we would not proceed with near term construction and production financing of the Borealis heap leach mine. The feed for the proposed mine was remnants from the previously mined open pits, and heap and dump material associated with the historical mining operations. The decision not to proceed was made due to the impact of certain technical corrections to the previously announced Feasibility Study and related NI 43-101 Technical Report, dated August 15, 2006. The technical corrections reduced the anticipated quantity of recoverable gold and silver over the project life, and resulted in a marginal projected return on investment. In light of the decision not to proceed with development of a mine, in December 2006, we closed our Denver office and terminated operations and engineering staff, including our Chief Operating Officer Mr. Allen Gordon and Mr. Matt Bender, our Vice President of Borealis Project Development. Mr. Steven Craig, our Vice President of Exploration, was relocated to Nevada. As of December 1, 2006, our Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Michael Longinotti commenced working on a part-time basis. Under this agreement, his time spent in the office was reduced by 50% along with his salary.
In December 2006, we completed the geophysical survey, which commenced in September 2006. The positive geophysical results obtained from induced polarization (IP) surveys identified multiple chargeability and resisitivity anomalies coincident with aeromagnetic lows which extended several kilometers (km) to the north and northwest of the Graben sulphide deposit. The IP surveys identified two new mineralized exploration targets located under the pediments 3.0 km (Central Pediments) and 5.3 km (Western Pediment) northwest of the Graben sulphide deposit.
On January 11, 2007, we announced the results of the revised CIM compliant resource estimate in accordance with NI 43-101 which had been compiled by Mr. Alan C. Noble, P.E. of Ore Reserves Engineering. The results of the report were independently reviewed by AMEC to insure the methodology and assumptions used in the calculations were consistent with industry standards. The resource estimate includes the results of exploration drilling through February 28, 2006. The measured, indicated and inferred gold resource reported in January 2007 is:
Date |
Measured |
Indicated |
Inferred |
||||||
|
Tons |
Grade |
Ozs of |
Tons |
Grade |
Ozs of |
Tons |
Grade |
Ozs of Gold |
|
(000's) |
opt |
Gold |
(000's) |
opt |
Gold |
(000's) |
opt |
|
January, 11, 2007 |
16,360 |
0.031 |
503,700 |
24,879 |
0.029 |
709,800 |
30,973 |
0.020 |
609,200 |
4
The updated report confirmed a total gold resource (measured, indicated and inferred) of 1,822,700 ounces contained in the Borealis property.
We are a Reporting Issuer in Canada and required to disclose mineralization estimates in accordance with Canadian reporting standards. The terms "proven mineral reserve" and "probable mineral reserve" used in this Annual Report are in reference to the mining terms defined in the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum Standards, which definitions have been adopted by Canadian National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects. The definitions of proven and probable reserves used in NI 43-101 differ from the definitions in the United States Securities and Exchange Commission's Industry Guide 7. In the United States, a mineral reserve is defined as a part of a mineral deposit, which could be economically and legally extracted or produced at the time the reserve determination is made. Accordingly, information contained in this Form 10-KSB and the documents incorporated by reference herein containing descriptions of our mineral deposits in accordance with NI 43-101 may not be comparable to similar information made public by other U.S. companies under the United States federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.
In addition, the terms "mineral resource", "measured mineral resource", "indicated mineral resource" and "inferred mineral resource" are defined in and required to be disclosed by NI 43-101; however, these terms are not defined terms under SEC Industry Guide 7 and are normally not permitted to be used in reports and registration statements filed with the SEC. Investors are cautioned not to assume that any part or all of mineral deposits in these categories will ever be converted into reserves. "Inferred mineral resources" have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence, and great uncertainty as to their economic and legal feasibility. It cannot be assumed that all or any part of an inferred mineral resource will ever be upgraded to a higher category. Under Canadian rules, estimates of inferred mineral resources may not form the basis of feasibility or pre-feasibility studies, except in rare cases. Investors are cautioned not to assume that all or any part of an inferred mineral resource exists or is economically or legally mineable. Disclosure of "contained ounces" in a resource is permitted disclosure under Canadian regulations; however, the SEC normally only permits issuers to report mineralization that does not constitute "reserves" by SEC standards as in place tonnage and grade without reference to unit measures.
In January 2007 we retained AMEC to complete a mineral resource estimate covering the entire property that will include drilling results completed through mid- 2007 in the Graben area and will provide a current estimate of the mineral resource in the Central Borealis area including the areas of previous production.
On February 9, 2007 we completed a private placement of 5.0 million units at a price of Cdn$0.90 per unit for gross proceeds of Cdn$4.5 million. Each unit consisted of one common share and one full purchase warrant. The two year warrants are exercisable at a price of Cdn$1.10 if exercised within twelve months of the closing and at a price of Cdn$1.35 if exercised after the First Anniversary but prior to expiry. We paid qualified registered dealers a 7% cash commission in the amount of Cdn$77,175 and issued compensation options to acquire 85,050 common shares (at a price of Cdn$0.90 per share for a period of 12 months from closing) in respect of the 1.225 million units placed by them. The shares, warrants and underlying shares were not qualified by prospectus and have not been registered under U.S. securities laws and are subject to resale restrictions. The Company has granted registration rights to the investors in this private placement and will use commercially reasonable efforts to prepare and file with the SEC, within 120 days of closing, a registration statement under the Securities Act and to cause such statement to be declared effective. The proceeds of this offering will be applied to fund the continuation of our exploration and development program on the Borealis Property.
During the remainder of fiscal 2007 and into fiscal 2008, we plan to continue extension drilling, focused on the expansion of the Graben deposit and exploration drilling for a new gold deposit within the two newly identified potentially gold-bearing hydrothermal systems in the pediments. This 72-hole, $4.5 million budgeted drilling program consists of a series of Graben deposit expansion drilling and extension drilling north and west of the successful G3 G13 fence of holes. The drilling of the Graben deposit will alternate with follow up exploration drilling in the Central and Western Pediments where 10 holes have intersected two distinct hydrothermal systems hidden beneath the pediments.
Business Objectives
We are in the business of acquiring, exploring, and developing gold properties in the United States, emphasizing the state of Nevada. Our objective is to increase value of our shares through the exploration, development and extraction of gold deposits, beginning with our Borealis Property. The development and extraction may be performed by us or may be performed by potential partners. We will also consider the acquisition and exploration of other potential gold bearing properties within Nevada or areas that have a similar political risk profile. The Plan of Operations that has been approved by the U.S. Forest Service does not present an economic analysis, and we have not placed any information in the Plan of Operations regarding capital expenditures, operating costs, ore grade, anticipated revenues, or projected cash flows. The Plan of Operation was based on the general economic concepts as presented in the Preliminary scoping study.
Corporate Strengths
We believe that we have the following business strengths that will enable us to achieve our objectives:
5
Our management team has significant mining industry experience ranging from exploration to mine development and operation;
As the Borealis Property was the site of surface mining operations from 1981 to 1990, we believe the process to receive permits and start operations on previously mined operations is less difficult than getting permits for a previously undisturbed area. The USDA Forest Service and the Nevada Bureau of Mining Regulation and Reclamation have both approved the Plan of Operations and Reclamation Plan, allowing us to proceed with the development of a heap leach mine assuming sufficient oxide resources are found and additional financing is available. We have also received approvals for surface exploration and water wells and have successfully progressed through the required agency and public review process for those permits. .
Our land position is extensive, controlled by 859 unpatented mining claims covering approximately 17,200 acres. We believe many surface showings of gold mineralization on the property may provide opportunities for discovery of gold deposits. Our property has multiple types of gold deposits including oxidized material, partial oxidized material, and predominantly sulfide material; which we believe may allow us flexibility in our future plans for mine development and expansion, assuming additional financing is available.
We cannot be certain that any mineral deposits will be discovered in sufficient quantities and grade to justify commercial operations. We have no proven or probable reserves. Whether a mineral deposit will be commercially viable depends on a number of factors, including the particular attributes of the deposit; metal prices, which are highly cyclical; the cost to extract and process the mineralized material; and government regulations and permitting requirements. We may be unable to upgrade our mineralized material to proven and probable reserves in sufficient quantities to justify commercial operations and we may not be able to raise sufficient capital to develop the Borealis Property.
We have specifically focused our activities on Nevada, which was rated the highest jurisdiction in the world for mining investment attractiveness by an independent survey. Mining is an integral part of Nevada's economy. In 2004, the mining industry increased Nevada's output by $5.89 billion including both direct and indirect impacts, up from $5.35 billion in 2002. Nevada ranks third in the world in gold production, after South Africa and Australia. Located in the State of Nevada are well known geological trends such as the Carlin Trend, Battle Mountain, Getchell Trend and the Walker Lane Trend. The Borealis Property is also located along the Aurora-Bodie trend which crosses the principal Walker Lane Trend. Borealis, Bodie, Aurora, and other historical producing districts, are aligned along this northeast-southwest belt of significant gold deposits.
Gold Industry
Gold Uses.
Gold has two main categories of use: fabrication and investment. Fabricated gold has a variety of end uses, including jewelry, electronics, dentistry, industrial and decorative uses, medals, medallions and official coins. Gold investors buy gold bullion, official coins and jewelry.Gold Supply.
The supply of gold consists of a combination of production from mining and the draw-down of existing stocks of gold held by governments, financial institutions, industrial organizations and private individuals. In recent years, mine production has accounted for 60% to 70% of the annual supply of gold.Gold Prices and Market Statistics
The following table presents the annual high, low and average afternoon fixing prices for gold over the past ten years, expressed in U.S. dollars per ounce on the London Bullion Market.
Year | High | Low | Average | |||
1997 | $ | 362 | $ | 283 | $ | 331 |
1998 | $ | 313 | $ | 273 | $ | 294 |
1999 | $ | 326 | $ | 253 | $ | 279 |
2000 | $ | 313 | $ | 264 | $ | 279 |
2001 | $ | 293 | $ | 256 | $ | 271 |
2002 | $ | 349 | $ | 278 | $ | 310 |
2003 | $ | 416 | $ | 320 | $ | 363 |
2004 | $ | 454 | $ | 375 | $ | 410 |
2005 | $ | 536 | $ | 411 | $ | 444 |
2006 | $ | 726 | $ | 521 | $ | 604 |
2007 (January 1 May 30) | $ | 691 | $ | 608 | $ | 659 |
_________ | ||||||
Source: Kitco and Reuters |
6
On May 30, 2007, the afternoon fixing price for gold on the London Bullion Market was $652.65 per ounce and the spot market price of gold on the New York Commodity Exchange was $652.10 per ounce.
RISK FACTORS AND UNCERTAINTIES
Readers should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below before deciding whether to invest in shares of our common stock.
Our failure to successfully address the risks and uncertainties described below would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and/or results of operations, and the trading price of our common stock may decline and investors may lose all or part of their investment. We cannot assure you that we will successfully address these risks or other unknown risks that may affect our business.
Estimates of mineralized material are forward-looking statements inherently subject to error. Although resource estimates require a high degree of assurance in the underlying data when the estimates are made, unforeseen events and uncontrollable factors can have significant adverse or positive impacts on the estimates. Actual results will inherently differ from estimates. The unforeseen events and uncontrollable factors include: geologic uncertainties including inherent sample variability, metal price fluctuations, variations in mining and processing parameters, and adverse changes in environmental or mining laws and regulations. The timing and effects of variances from estimated values cannot be accurately predicted.
Risks Related to Our Operations
Our operations will require future financing.
We are an early stage company and currently do not have sufficient capital to fully fund the Plan of Operation at the Borealis Property. Currently, we have sufficient cash on hand to fund the completion of our current drilling program, permitting and general and administrative expenses for approximately 12 months. However, we will require substantial additional financing for future development activities, if any, or if we encounter unexpected costs or delays.
Failure to obtain sufficient financing may result in the delay or indefinite postponement of exploration, and, development or production on any or all of the Borealis Property and any properties we may acquire in the future or even a loss of our property interest. This includes the Borealis Property, as our lease over claims covering the principal deposits will expire in 2009 unless we are engaged in active mining, development or processing at that time. We cannot be certain that additional capital or other types of financing will be available if needed or that, if available, the terms of such financing will be favorable or acceptable to us. Future financings may cause dilution to our shareholders.
We currently depend on a single property the Borealis Property.
Our only mineral property is the Borealis Property. Even though the Borealis Property encompasses several areas with known gold mineralization, unless we acquire additional properties or projects or discover additional deposits at the Borealis Property, we will be solely dependent upon the success of the Borealis Property as a source of future revenue and profits, if any. We cannot provide any assurance that we will establish any reserves or successfully commence mining operations on the Borealis Property or that we will ever obtain an interest in any other property with mineral potential in order to diversify our business
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We have no history of producing metals from our mineral property and there can be no assurance that we will successfully establish mining operations or profitably produce precious metals.
We have no history of producing metals from the Borealis Property. While our plan is to move the Borealis Property into the development stage, production there will be subject to completing construction of the mine, processing plants, roads, and other related works and infrastructure. As a result, we are subject to all of the risks associated with establishing new mining operations and business enterprises including:
the availability and costs of skilled labor and mining equipment;
the availability and cost of appropriate smelting and/or refining arrangements;
the availability of funds to finance construction and development activities;
potential opposition from non-governmental organizations, environmental groups, local groups or local inhabitants which may delay or prevent development activities; and
The costs, timing and complexities of mine construction and development may be increased by the remote location of the Borealis Property. It is common in new mining operations to experience unexpected problems and delays during construction, development and mine start-up. In addition, delays in the commencement of mineral production often occur. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that our activities will result in profitable mining operations or that we will successfully establish mining operations or profitably produce metals at any of our properties.
Historical production on the Borealis Property may not be indicative of the potential for future development.
The Borealis Mine actively produced gold in the 1980's, but we currently have no commercial production at the Borealis Property and have never recorded any revenues. You should not rely on the fact that there were historical mining operations at the Borealis Property as an indication that we will ever place the property into commercial production. We expect to continue to incur losses unless and until such time, if ever, as our property enters into commercial production and generates sufficient revenues to fund our continuing operations. The development of new mining operations at the Borealis Property will require the commitment of substantial resources for operating expenses and capital expenditures, which may increase in subsequent years as needed consultants, personnel and equipment associated with advancing exploration, development and commercial production of our properties are added. The amounts and timing of expenditures will depend on the progress of ongoing exploration and development, the results of consultants' analysis and recommendations, the rate at which operating losses are incurred, the execution of any joint venture agreements with strategic partners, our acquisition of additional properties, and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. We may not be able to place the Borealis Property into production or generate any revenues or achieve profitability.
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Our exploration activities on the Borealis Property may not be commercially successful, which could lead us to abandon our plans to develop the property and our investments in exploration.
Our long-term success depends on our ability to identify additional mineral deposits on the Borealis Property and other properties we may acquire, if any, that we can then develop into commercially viable mining operations. Mineral exploration is highly speculative in nature, involves many risks and is frequently nonproductive. These risks include unusual or unexpected geologic formations, and the inability to obtain suitable or adequate machinery, equipment or labor. The success of gold exploration is determined in part by the following factors:
availability of government-granted exploration permits;
the quality of our management and our geological and technical expertise; and
the capital available for exploration.
Substantial expenditures are required to establish proven and probable reserves through drilling and analysis, to develop metallurgical processes to extract metal, and to develop the mining and processing facilities and infrastructure at any site chosen for mining. Whether a mineral deposit will be commercially viable depends on a number of factors, which include, without limitation, the particular attributes of the deposit, such as size, grade and proximity to infrastructure; metal prices, which fluctuate widely; and government regulations, including, without limitation, regulations relating to prices, taxes, royalties, land tenure, land use, importing and exporting of minerals and environmental protection. We may invest significant capital and resources in exploration activities and abandon such investments if we are unable to identify commercially exploitable mineral reserves. The decision to abandon a project may have an adverse effect on the market value of our securities and the ability to raise future financing. We cannot assure you that we will discover or acquire any mineralized material in sufficient quantities on any of our properties to justify commercial operations.
Actual capital costs, operating costs, production and economic returns may differ significantly from those we have anticipated and there are no assurances that our development activities will result in profitable mining operations.
We plan to estimate operating and capital costs for the Borealis Property based on information available to us and that we believe to be accurate. However, recently, costs for labor, regulatory compliance, energy, mine and plant equipment and materials needed for mine development and construction have increased significantly industry-wide. In light of these factors, actual costs related to our proposed mine development and construction may exceed any estimates we may make.
We do not have an operating history upon which we can base estimates of future operating costs related to the Borealis Property, and we intend to rely upon our future economic feasibility of the project and any estimates that may be contained therein. Studies derive estimates of cash operating costs based upon, among other things:
anticipated recovery rates of gold and other metals from the ore;
cash operating costs of comparable facilities and equipment; and
anticipated climatic conditions.
Capital and operating costs, production and economic returns, and other estimates contained in feasibility studies may differ significantly from actual costs, and there can be no assurance that our actual capital and operating costs will not be higher than anticipated or disclosed.
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In addition, any calculations of cash costs and cash cost per ounce may differ from similarly titled measures of other companies and are not intended to be an indicator of projected operating profit.
The figures for our resources are estimates based on interpretation and assumptions and may yield less mineral production under actual conditions than is currently estimated.
Unless otherwise indicated, mineralization figures presented in this prospectus and in our filings with securities regulatory authorities, press releases and other public statements that may be made from time to time are based upon estimates made by independent geologists and our internal geologists. When making determinations about whether to advance any of our projects to development, we must rely upon such estimated calculations as to the mineral reserves and grades of mineralization on our properties. Until ore is actually mined and processed, mineral reserves and grades of mineralization must be considered as estimates only.
These estimates are imprecise and depend upon geological interpretation and statistical inferences drawn from drilling and sampling analysis, which may prove to be unreliable. We cannot assure you that:
these estimates will be accurate;
reserve, resource or other mineralization estimates will be accurate; or
this mineralization can be mined or processed profitably.
Any material changes in mineral reserve estimates and grades of mineralization will affect the economic viability of placing a property into production and a property's return on capital.
Because we have not started mine construction at our Borealis Property and have not commenced actual production, mineralization estimates, including reserve and resource estimates, for the Borealis Property may require adjustments or downward revisions based upon actual production experience. In addition, the grade of ore ultimately mined, if any, may differ from that indicated by our feasibility studies and drill results. There can be no assurance that minerals recovered in small scale tests will be duplicated in large scale tests under on-site conditions or in production scale.
The resource estimates contained in this report have been determined and valued based on assumed future prices, cut-off grades and operating costs that may prove to be inaccurate. Extended declines in market prices for gold and silver may render portions of our mineralization, reserve and resource estimates uneconomic and result in reduced reported mineralization or adversely affect the commercial viability of our Borealis Property. Any material reductions in estimates of mineralization, or of our ability to extract this mineralization, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.
Changes in the market price of gold, silver and other metals, which in the past has fluctuated widely, will affect the profitability of our operations and financial condition.
Our profitability and long-term viability depend, in large part, upon the market price of gold and other metals and minerals produced from our mineral properties. The market price of gold and other metals is volatile and is impacted by numerous factors beyond our control, including:
expectations with respect to the rate of inflation;
the relative strength of the U.S. dollar and certain other currencies;
interest rates;
global or regional political or economic conditions;
supply and demand for jewelry and industrial products containing metals; and
sales by central banks and other holders, speculators and producers of gold and other metals in response to any of the above factors.
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We cannot predict the effect of these factors on metal prices. Gold and silver prices have fluctuated during the last several years. The price of gold was $513 per ounce at December 31, 2005, and during 2006 has had a high of $725 and a low of $525. The price of gold was $632 per ounce on December 31, 2006. The price of silver also improved from $8.83 per ounce at December 31, 2005 to close at December 31, 2006 at $12.90 per ounce, with a yearly high of $14.94, with a low of $8.83, during 2006. Historically, gold prices ranged from $536.50 to $411.10 per ounce in 2005 and from $454.20 to $375.00 per ounce in 2004; and silver prices have ranged from $9.22 to $6.39 per ounce in 2005 and from $8.29 to $5.49 per ounce in 2004.
A decrease in the market price of gold and other metals could affect the commercial viability of our Borealis Property and our anticipated development and production assumptions. Lower gold prices could also adversely affect our ability to finance future development at the Borealis Property, all of which would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. There can be no assurance that the market price of gold and other metals will remain at current levels or that such prices will improve.
Mining is inherently dangerous and subject to conditions or events beyond our control, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Mining involves various types of risks and hazards, including:
power outages;
metallurgical and other processing problems;
unusual or unexpected geological formations;
structural cave-ins or slides;
flooding, fire, explosions, cave-ins, landslides and rock-bursts;
inability to obtain suitable or adequate machinery, equipment, or labor;
metals losses; and
periodic interruptions due to inclement or hazardous weather conditions.
These risks could result in damage to, or destruction of, mineral properties, production facilities or other properties, personal injury, environmental damage, delays in mining, increased production costs, monetary losses and possible legal liability. We may not be able to obtain insurance to cover these risks at economically feasible premiums. Insurance against certain environmental risks, including potential liability for pollution or other hazards as a result of the disposal of waste products occurring from production, is not generally available to us or to other companies within the mining industry. We may suffer a material adverse effect on our business if we incur losses related to any significant events that are not covered by our insurance policies.
We are subject to significant governmental regulations.
Our primary properties, operations and exploration and development activities are in Nevada and are subject to extensive federal, state, and local laws and regulations governing various matters, including:
management of natural resources;
exploration, development of mines, production and post-closure reclamation;
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exports controls;
price controls;
regulations concerning business dealings with native groups;
labor standards and occupational health and safety, including mine safety; and
historic and cultural preservation.
Failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations may result in civil or criminal fines or penalties or enforcement actions, including orders issued by regulatory or judicial authorities enjoining or curtailing operations or requiring corrective measures, installation of additional equipment or remedial actions, any of which could result in us incurring significant expenditures. We may also be required to compensate private parties suffering loss or damage by reason of a breach of such laws, regulations or permitting requirements. It is also possible that future laws and regulations, or a more stringent enforcement of current laws and regulations by governmental authorities, could cause additional expense, capital expenditures, restrictions on or suspensions of our operations and delays in the development of our properties.
Our activities are subject to environmental laws and regulations that may increase our costs of doing business and restrict our operations.
All of our exploration and potential development and production activities are in the United States and are subject to regulation by governmental agencies under various environmental laws. These laws address emissions into the air, discharges into water, management of waste, management of hazardous substances, protection of natural resources, antiquities and endangered species and reclamation of lands disturbed by mining operations. Environmental legislation in many countries is evolving and the trend has been towards stricter standards and enforcement, increased fines and penalties for non-compliance, more stringent environmental assessments of proposed projects and increasing responsibility for companies and their officers, directors and employees. Compliance with environmental laws and regulations and future changes in these laws and regulations may require significant capital outlays and may cause material changes or delays in our operations and future activities. It is possible that future changes in these laws or regulations could have a significant adverse impact on our Borealis Property or some portion of our business, causing us to re-evaluate those activities at that time.
Land reclamation requirements for our Borealis Property may be burdensome.
Although variable depending on location and the governing authority, land reclamation requirements are generally imposed on mineral exploration companies (as well as companies with mining operations) in order to minimize long term effects of land disturbance.
Reclamation may include requirements to:
reasonably re-establish pre-disturbance land forms and vegetation.
In order to carry out reclamation obligations imposed on us in connection with our potential development activities, we must allocate financial resources that might otherwise be spent on further exploration and development programs. We have set up a provision for our reclamation obligations at the Borealis Property, but this provision may not be adequate. If we are required to carry out unanticipated reclamation work, our financial position could be adversely affected.
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We may experience difficulty attracting and retaining qualified management to meet the needs of our anticipated growth, and the failure to manage our growth effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
We are dependent on the services of key executives including Tony Ker, CEO, Albert Matter, Chairman, Michael Longinotti, CFO, Steve Craig, VP Exploration, and other highly skilled and experienced executives and personnel focused on bringing our Borealis Property into production and managing our interests and on-going exploration programs on our other properties. Our management is also responsible for the identification of new opportunities for growth and funding. Due to our relatively small size, the loss of these persons or our inability to attract and retain additional highly skilled employees required for our development activities may have a material adverse effect on our business or future operations. The failure to hire qualified people for these positions could adversely affect planned operations of the Borealis Property. We do not maintain key-man life insurance on any of our key management employees.
Increased competition could adversely affect our ability to attract necessary capital funding or acquire suitable producing properties or prospects for mineral exploration in the future.
The mining industry is intensely competitive. Significant competition exists for the acquisition of properties producing, or capable of producing, gold or other metals. We may be at a competitive disadvantage in acquiring additional mining properties because we must compete with other individuals and companies, many of which have greater financial resources, operational experience and technical capabilities than us. We may also encounter increasing competition from other mining companies in our efforts to hire experienced mining professionals. Competition for exploration resources at all levels is currently very intense, particularly affecting the availability of manpower, drill rigs, mining equipment and production equipment. Increased competition could adversely affect our ability to attract necessary capital funding or acquire suitable producing properties or prospects for mineral exploration in the future.
We compete with larger, better capitalized competitors in the mining industry.
The mining industry is competitive in all of its phases, including financing, technical resources, personnel and property acquisition. It requires significant capital, technical resources, personnel and operational experience to effectively compete in the mining industry. Because of the high costs associated with exploration, the expertise required to analyze a project's potential and the capital required to develop a mine, larger companies with significant resources may have a competitive advantage over us. We face strong competition from other mining companies, some with greater financial resources, operational experience and technical capabilities than us. As a result of this competition, we may be unable to maintain or acquire financing, personnel, technical resources or attractive mining properties on terms we consider acceptable or at all.
Title to the Borealis Property may be subject to other claims, which could affect our property rights and claims.
Although we believe we have exercised commercially reasonable due diligence with respect to determining title to properties we own or control and the claims that are subject to the Borealis mining lease, there is no guarantee that title to such properties will not be challenged or impugned. The Borealis Property may be subject to prior unrecorded agreements or transfers or native land claims and title may be affected by undetected defects. There may be valid challenges to the title of the Borealis Property which, if successful, could impair development and/or operations. This is particularly the case in respect of those portions of the Borealis Property in which we hold our interest solely through a lease with the claim holders, as such interest is substantially based on contract and has been subject to a number of assignments (as opposed to a direct interest in the property).
All of the mineral rights to the Borealis Property consist of "unpatented" mining claims created and maintained in accordance with the U.S. General Mining Law. Unpatented mining claims are unique property interests, and are generally considered to be subject to greater title risk than other real property interests because the validity of unpatented mining claims is often uncertain. This uncertainty arises, in part, out of the complex federal and state laws and regulations under the U.S. General Mining Law, including the requirement of a proper physical discovery of valuable minerals within the boundaries of each claim and proper compliance with physical staking requirements.
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Also, unpatented mining claims are always subject to possible challenges by third parties or validity contests by the federal government. The validity of an unpatented mining or millsite claim, in terms of both its location and its maintenance, is dependent on strict compliance with a complex body of U.S. federal and state statutory and decisional law. In addition, there are few public records that definitively determine the issues of validity and ownership of unpatented mining claims.
There are differences in U.S. and Canadian practices for reporting reserves and resources.
Our reserve and resource estimates are not directly comparable to those made in filings subject to SEC reporting and disclosure requirements, as we generally report reserves and resources in accordance with Canadian practices. These practices are different from the practices used to report reserve and resource estimates in reports and other materials filed with the SEC. It is Canadian practice to report measured, indicated and inferred resources, which are generally not permitted in disclosure filed with the SEC. In the United States, mineralization may not be classified as a "reserve" unless the determination has been made that the mineralization could be economically and legally produced or extracted at the time the reserve determination is made. United States investors are cautioned not to assume that all or any part of measured or indicated resources will ever be converted into reserves. Further, "inferred resources" have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence and as to whether they can be mined legally or economically. Disclosure of "contained ounces" is permitted disclosure under Canadian regulations; however, the SEC only permits issuers to report "resources" as in place tonnage and grade without reference to unit measures.
Accordingly, information concerning descriptions of mineralization, reserves and resources contained in this prospectus, or in the documents incorporated herein by reference, may not be comparable to information made public by other United States companies subject to the reporting and disclosure requirements of the SEC.
We will be required to locate mineral reserves for our long-term success.
Because mines have limited lives based on proven and probable mineral reserves, we will have to continually replace and expand our mineral reserves, if any, if and when the Borealis Property produces gold and other base or precious metals. Our ability to maintain or increase its annual production of gold and other base or precious metals once the Borealis Property is restarted, if at all, will be dependent almost entirely on its ability to bring new mines into production.
We do not insure against all risks which we may be subject to in our planned operations.
We currently maintain insurance to insure against general commercial liability claims and losses of equipment. Our insurance will not cover all the potential risks associated with a mining company's operations. We may also be unable to maintain insurance to cover these risks at economically feasible premiums. Insurance coverage may not continue to be available or may not be adequate to cover any resulting liability. Moreover, we expect that insurance against risks such as environmental pollution or other hazards as a result of exploration and production may be prohibitively expensive to obtain for a company of our size and financial means. We might also become subject to liability for pollution or other hazards which may not be insured against or which we may elect not to insure against because of premium costs or other reasons. Losses from these events may cause us to incur significant costs that could negatively affect our financial condition and ability to fund our activities on the Borealis Property. A significant loss could force us to terminate our operations.
Our directors and officers may have conflicts of interest as a result of their relationships with other companies.
Certain of the directors and officers of Gryphon Gold have served as officers and directors for other companies engaged in natural resource exploration and development and may also serve as directors and/or officers of other companies involved in natural resource exploration and development. For example, Richard Hughes is President of Klondike Gold Corp. and a director of Alamos Gold Inc. Our Chief Financial Officer is now working part-time, he divides his attention between his role with Gryphon Gold and acts as a part-time consultant for a company which is not in the mining industry. Consequently, there is a possibility that our directors and/or officers may be in a position of conflict in the future.
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New legislation, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, may make it difficult for us to retain or attract officers and directors.
We may be unable to attract and retain qualified officers, directors and members of board committees required to provide for our effective management as a result of the recent and currently proposed changes in the rules and regulations which govern publicly-held companies. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has resulted in a series of rules and regulations by the Securities and Exchange Commission that increase responsibilities and liabilities of directors and executive officers. We are a small company with a very limited operating history and no revenues or profits, which may influence the decisions of potential candidates we may recruit as directors or officers. The perceived increased personal risk associated with these recent changes may deter qualified individuals from accepting these roles.
While we believe we have adequate internal control over financial reporting, we will be required to evaluate our internal controls under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and any adverse results from such evaluation could result in a loss of investor confidence in our financial reports and have an adverse effect on the price of our shares of common stock.
Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, we expect that beginning with our annual report on Form 10-KSB for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, we will be required to furnish a report by management on our internal controls over financial reporting. Such report will contain, among other matters, an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, including a statement as to whether or not our internal control over financial reporting is effective. This assessment must include disclosure of any material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting identified by our management. For our annual report on Form 10-KSB for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, such report must also contain a statement that our auditors have issued an attestation report on our management's assessment of such internal controls. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Auditing Standard No. 2 currently provides the professional standards and related performance guidance for auditors to attest to, and report on, our management's assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting under Section 404.
While we believe our internal control over financial reporting is effective, we are still compiling the system and processing documentation and performing the evaluation needed to comply with Section 404, which is both costly and challenging. We cannot be certain that we will be able to complete our evaluation, testing and any required remediation in a timely fashion. During the evaluation and testing process, if we identify one or more material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, we will be unable to assert that such internal control is effective. If we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as of March 31, 2008 (or if our auditors are unable to attest that our management's report is fairly stated or they are unable to express an opinion on the effectiveness of our internal controls as of March 31, 2009), we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which would have a material adverse effect on our stock price.
Failure to comply with the new rules may make it more difficult for us to obtain certain types of insurance, including director and officer liability insurance, and we may be forced to accept reduced policy limits and coverage and/or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. The impact of these events could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors, on committees of our board of directors, or as executive officers.
Risks Related To Our Securities
Broker-dealers may be discouraged from effecting transactions in our common shares because they are considered a penny stock and are subject to the penny stock rules.
Rules 15g-1 through 15g-9 promulgated under the Exchange Act impose sales practice and disclosure requirements on certain brokers-dealers who engage in certain transactions involving a "penny stock." Subject to certain exceptions, a penny stock generally includes any non-NASDAQ equity security that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share. Our common stock is expected to trade below $5.00 per share immediately upon closing of the offering. The additional sales practice and disclosure requirements imposed upon broker-dealers may discourage broker-dealers from effecting transactions in our shares, which could severely limit the market liquidity of the shares and impede the sale of our shares in the secondary market.
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A broker-dealer selling penny stock to anyone other than an established customer or "accredited investor," generally, an individual with net worth in excess of $1,000,000 or an annual income exceeding $200,000, or $300,000 together with his or her spouse, must make a special suitability determination for the purchaser and must receive the purchaser's written consent to the transaction prior to sale, unless the broker-dealer or the transaction is otherwise exempt. In addition, the penny stock regulations require the broker-dealer to deliver, prior to any transaction involving a penny stock, a disclosure schedule prepared by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission relating to the penny stock market, unless the broker-dealer or the transaction is otherwise exempt. A broker-dealer is also required to disclose commissions payable to the broker-dealer and the registered representative and current quotations for the securities. Finally, a broker-dealer is required to send monthly statements disclosing recent price information with respect to the penny stock held in a customer's account and information with respect to the limited market in penny stocks.
In the event that your investment in our shares is for the purpose of deriving dividend income or in expectation of an increase in market price of our shares from the declaration and payment of dividends, your investment will be compromised because we do not intend to pay dividends.
We have never paid a dividend to our shareholders, and we intend to retain our cash for the continued development of our business. We do not intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. As a result, your return on investment will be solely determined by your ability to sell your shares in a secondary market.
ITEM 2. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY
Executive Offices
We lease our principal executive office at Suite 810, 1130 West Pender Street, Vancouver, BC V6E 4A4. We do not currently maintain any investments in real estate, real estate mortgages or securities of persons primarily engaged in real estate activities, nor do we expect to do so in the foreseeable future.
Borealis Property
Unless stated otherwise, information of a technical or scientific nature related to the Borealis Property is summarized or extracted from the "Technical Report on the Mineral Resources of the Borealis Gold Project" dated August 15, 2006 and revised January 11, 2007, prepared by Mr. Alan C. Noble, P.E. of Ore Reserves Engineering in Lakewood, CO, a "Qualified Person", as defined in National Instrument 43-101 of the Canadian Securities Adminstrators. Mr. Noble is independent from us. The Technical Report was prepared in accordance with the requirements of National Instrument 43-101.
Management's plans, expectations and forecasts related to our Borealis Property are based on assumptions, qualifications and procedures which are set out only in the full Technical Report. For a complete description of assumptions, qualifications and procedures associated with the following information, reference should be made to the full text of the Technical Report which will be available for review on the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (SEDAR) at website: www.sedar.com and on the Company's website at www.gryphongold.com.The Borealis Property in Nevada is our principal asset, which we hold through our subsidiary, Borealis Mining. In the 1980's previous operators of the Borealis Property mined approximately 600,000 ounces of gold from near-surface oxide deposits. In this report, the previously mined area is referred to as the "Borealis site", the "previously disturbed area" or the "previously mined area", while our references to the Borealis Property refer to the entire property we own or lease through Borealis Mining.
Echo Bay Mines Limited ceased active mining operations in 1991. Full site reclamation was completed in 1994. Reclamation bonds were released and Echo Bay relinquished its lease in 1996.
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At Borealis, there is one large hydrothermal system, containing at least 14 known gold deposits, some of which are contiguous. There has been historical production from 8 of these deposits. As there are several other showings of gold mineralization across the property, there is an opportunity to identify additional gold deposits.
Borealis Property Description and Location
The Borealis Property is located in Mineral County in southwest Nevada, 12 miles northeast of the California border. The Borealis Property covers approximately 14,900 acres. The approximate center of the property is at longitude 118° 45' 34" North and latitude 38° 22' 55" West.
The Borealis Property is comprised of 859 unpatented mining claims of approximately 20 acres each, totaling about 17,200 acres (or approximately 27 square miles), and one unpatented millsite claim of approximately 5 acres. Of the 859 unpatented mining claims, 122 claims are owned by others but leased to Borealis Mining, and 737 of the claims were staked by Golden Phoenix or Gryphon Gold and transferred to Borealis Mining. The above claims include a total of 112 claims staked during 2006.
Our rights, through Borealis Mining as the owner or lessee of the claims, allow us to explore, develop and mine the Borealis Property, subject to the prior procurement of required operating permits and approvals, compliance with the terms and conditions of the mining lease, and compliance with applicable federal, state, and local laws, regulations and ordinances. We believe that all of our claims are in good standing.
The 122 leased claims are owned by John W. Whitney, Hardrock Mining Company and Richard J. Cavell, whom we refer to as the "Borealis Owners." Borealis Mining leases the claims from the Borealis Owners under a Mining Lease dated January 24, 1997 and amended as of February 24, 1997. The mining lease was assigned to Borealis Mining by the prior lessee, Golden Phoenix. The mining lease contains an "area of interest" provision, such that any new mining claims located or acquired by Borealis Mining within the area of interest after the date of the mining lease shall automatically become subject to the provisions of the mining lease.
The term of the mining lease extends to January 24, 2009 and continues indefinitely thereafter for so long as any mining, development (including exploration drilling) or processing is being conducted on the leased property on a continuous basis.
The remainder of the Borealis Property consists of 737 unpatented mining claims and one unpatented millsite claim staked by Golden Phoenix, Gryphon Gold or Borealis Mining. Claims staked by Golden Phoenix were transferred to Borealis Mining in conjunction with our January 28, 2005 purchase of all of Golden Phoenix's interest in the Borealis Property. A total of 263 claims of the total 737 claims held by Gryphon Gold are contiguous with the claim holdings, are located outside of the area of interest, and are not subject to any of the provisions of the lease.
All of the mining claims (including the owned and leased claims) are unpatented, such that paramount ownership of the land is in the United States of America. Claim maintenance payments and related documents must be filed annually with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and with Mineral County, Nevada to keep the claims from terminating by operation of law. Borealis Mining is responsible for those actions. At present, the estimated annual BLM maintenance fees are $125 per claim, or $109,375 per year for all of the Borealis Property claims (859 unpatented mining claims plus one millsite claim).
Royalty Obligations
The leased portion of the Borealis Property is currently subject to advance royalty payments of approximately $9,094 per month, payable to the Borealis Owners. These advance royalty payments are subject to annual adjustments based on changes in the United States Consumer Price Index.
The terms of the mining lease require the payment of a net smelter returns production royalty by Borealis Mining to the Borealis Owners in respect of the sale of gold (and other minerals) extracted from those claims within the area of interest specified in the mining lease. The royalty rate for gold is determined by dividing the monthly average market gold price by 100, with the result expressed as a percentage. The royalty amount is determined by multiplying that percentage by the amount of monthly gold production from the claims in the "area of interest" and by the monthly average market gold price, after deducting all smelting and refining charges, various taxes and certain other expenses. For example, using an assumed monthly average market gold price of $400, the royalty rate would be 4%. Using an assumed monthly production of 5,000 ounces of gold from the leased claims, the monthly royalty amount would be 5,000 ounces times $400 per ounce, less allowable deductions, multiplied by 4%.
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At present, there is no royalty payable to the United States or the State of Nevada on production from unpatented mining claims, although legislative attempts to impose a royalty have occurred in recent years.
Accessibility, Climate, Local Resources, Infrastructure and Physiography
Primary access to the Borealis Property is gained from an all weather county gravel road located about two miles south of Hawthorne from State Highway 359. Hawthorne is about 133 highway miles southeast of Reno. The Borealis Property is about 16 road miles from Hawthorne.
The elevation on the property ranges from 7,200 ft to 8,200 ft above sea level. This relatively high elevation produces moderate summers with high temperatures in the 90°F (32°C) range. Winters can be cold and windy with temperatures dropping to 0°F (-18°C). Average annual precipitation is approximately 10 inches, part of which occurs as up to 60 inches of snowfall. Historically, the Borealis Property was operated throughout the year with only limited weather related interruptions.
Topography ranges from moderate and hilly terrain with rocky knolls and peaks, to steep and mountainous terrain in the higher elevations.
The vegetation throughout the project area is categorized into several main community types: pinyon/juniper woodland, sagebrush, ephemeral drainages and areas disturbed by mining and reclaimed. Predominate species include pinyon pine, Utah juniper, greasewood, a variety of sagebrush species, crested wheat grass and fourwing saltbush.
There is a power line crossing the Borealis Property within 2 miles of the center of the potential operations, which we will evaluate for the power source during our potential future engineering feasibility work. Water is available from two water basins located approximately 5 miles and 7 miles south of the planned mine site, respectively. Water for historical mining operations was supplied from the basin 5 miles away from the site. We have obtained permits from the Nevada Division of Water Resources to access water from each of these basins. We believe that each of these basins, individually, would provide a sufficient water supply for our potential operations.
The Borealis site has been reclaimed by the prior operator to early 1990's standards. The pits and the project boundary are fenced for public safety. Currently, access to the pits and leach heap areas is gained through a locked gate. No buildings or power lines or other mining related facilities located on the surface remain. All currently existing roads in the project area are two track roads with most located within the limits of the old haul roads that have been reclaimed.
The nearest available services for both mine development work and mine operations are in the small town of Hawthorne, via a wide well-maintained gravel road. Hawthorne has substantial housing available, adequate fuel supplies and sufficient infrastructure to meet basic supply requirements. Material required for property development and mine operations are generally available from suppliers located in Reno, Nevada.
History of the District and Borealis Property
The original Ramona mining district, now known as the Borealis mining district, produced less than 1,000 ounces of gold prior to 1981. In 1978 the Borealis gold deposit was discovered by S. W. Ivosevic (1979), a geologist working for Houston International Minerals Company (a subsidiary of Houston Oil and Minerals Corporation). The property was acquired from the Whitney Partnership, which later became the Borealis Owners, following Houston's examination of the submitted property. Initial discovery of ore-grade gold mineralization in the Borealis district and subsequent rapid development resulted in production beginning in October 1981 as an open pit mining and heap leaching operation. Tenneco Minerals acquired the assets of Houston International Minerals in late 1981, and continued production from the Borealis mine. Subsequently, several other gold deposits were discovered and mined by open pit methods along the generally northeast-striking Borealis trend, and also several small deposits were discovered further to the northwest in the Cerro Duro area. Tenneco's exploration in early 1986 discovered the Freedom Flats deposit beneath thin alluvial cover on the pediment southwest of the Borealis mine. In October 1986, Echo Bay Mines acquired the assets of Tenneco Minerals.
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With the completion of mining of the readily available oxide ore in the Freedom Flats deposit and other deposits in the district, active mining was terminated in January 1990, and leaching operations ended in late 1990. Echo Bay left behind a number of oxidized and sulfide-bearing gold mineral resources. All eight open pit operations are reported to have produced 10.7 million tons of ore averaging 0.059 ounces of gold per ton (opt Au). Gold recovered from the material placed on heaps was approximately 500,000 ounces, plus an estimated 1.5 million ounces of silver. Reclamation of the closed mine began immediately and continued for several years. Echo Bay decided not to continue with its own exploration, and the property was farmed out as a joint venture in 1990-91 to Billiton Minerals, which drilled 28 reverse circulation (RC) exploration holes on outlying targets for a total of 8,120 ft. Billiton stopped its farm-in on the property with no retained interest.
Subsequently Santa Fe Pacific Mining, Inc. entered into a joint venture with Echo Bay in 1992-93, compiled data, constructed a digital drill-hole database and drilled 32 deep RC and deep core holes, including a number of holes into the Graben deposit. Echo Bay completed all reclamation requirements in 1994 and then terminated its lease agreement with the Borealis Owners in 1996.
In 1996 J.D. Welsh & Associates, Inc. negotiated an option-to-lease agreement for a portion of the Borealis Property from the Borealis Owners. Prior to 1996, J.D. Welsh had performed contract reclamation work for Echo Bay and was responsible for monitoring the drain-down of the leach heaps. Upon signing the lease, J.D. Welsh immediately joint ventured the project with Cambior Exploration U.S.A., Inc. Cambior performed a major data compilation program and several gradient IP surveys. In 1998 Cambior drilled 10 holes which succeeded in extending one existing deposit and in identifying new zones of gold mineralization.
During the Cambior joint venture period, in late 1997, Golden Phoenix entered an agreement to purchase a portion of J.D. Welsh's interest in the mining lease. J.D. Welsh subsequently sold its remaining interest in the mining lease to a third party, which in turn sold it to Golden Phoenix, resulting in Golden Phoenix controlling a 100% interest in the mining lease beginning in 2000. Golden Phoenix personnel reviewed project data, compiled and updated a digital drill-hole database (previous computer-based resource modeling databases), compiled exploration information and developed concepts, maintained the property during the years of low gold prices, and developed new mineral resource estimates for the entire property.
In July 2003 Borealis Mining acquired an option to earn an interest in a joint venture in a portion of the Borealis Property and in January 2005 Borealis Mining acquired full interest in the mining lease and mining claims comprising the Borealis Property. See, "Description and Development of the Business: History and Background of the Company," above.
We have expended considerable effort consolidating the available historical data and flat files since acquiring our interest in the Borealis Property. This data has been scanned, and converted into a searchable electronic form. The electronic database has formed the basis of re-interpretation of the district geologic setting, and helped to form the foundation for a new understanding of the district's potential. We acquired this data from Golden Phoenix in May 2003.
Historical Gold Production
The Borealis Property is not currently a producing mine. Historical data is presented for general information and is not indicative of existing grades or expected production. We have no probable or proven reserves on any of our properties. We cannot be assured that minerals will be discovered in sufficient quantities to justify commercial operations.
Several gold deposits have been previously defined through drilling on the Borealis Property by prior owners. Some gold deposits have been partially mined. Reports on past production vary. The past gold production from pits on the Borealis Property, as reported by prior owners is tabulated below. The total of past gold production was approximately 10.6 million tons of ore averaging 0.057 ounces per ton (opt) gold. Mine production resulting from limited operations in 1990 is not included. Although no complete historical silver production records still exist at this time, the average silver content of ore mined from all eight pits appears in the range of five ounces of silver for each ounce of gold. We are determining the potential viability of silver recovery as our feasibility study and more detailed mine planning progress.
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Reported past Borealis production, 1981-1990(1) |
|||
Crushed and Agglomerated Ore(2) | Tons | Grade | Contained Gold |
(opt Au) | (oz) | ||
Borealis | 1,488,900 | 0.103 | 153,360 |
Freedom Flats | 1,280,000 | 0.153 | 195,800 |
Jaime's/Cerro Duro/Purdy | 517,900 | 0.108 | 55,900 |
East Ridge | 795,000 | 0.059 | 46,900 |
Gold View | 264,000 | 0.047 | 12,400 |
Total | 4,345,800 | 0.107 | 464,360 |
Run of Mine Ore(3) | |||
East Ridge | 2,605,000 | 0.021 | 54,700 |
Polaris (Deep Ore Flats) | 250,000 | 0.038 | 9,500 |
Gold View | 396,000 | 0.009 | 3,500 |
Northeast Ridge | 3,000,000 | 0.025 | 75,000 |
Total | 6,251,000 | 0.023 | 142,700 |
Grand Total | 10,596,800 | 0.057 | 607,060 |
__________
(1)
The numbers presented in this table are based on limited production records. A later report in 1991 published by the Geologic Society of Nevada reports that production totaled 10.7 million tons with an average grade of 0.059 opt.(2)
Crushed and agglomerated ore is that material which has been reduced in size by crushing, and as a result may contain a significant portion of very fine particles which is then, with the aid of a binding agent such as cement, reconstituted into larger particles and subsequently leached in a heap. The agglomerated ore typically has greater strength allowing for higher stacked heaps and may allow better percolation of leach solutions if the ore has high clay content.(3)
Run of mine ore is that material which was fragmented by blasting only, and then stacked on the heaps without being further reduced in size by crushing or other beneficiation processes.Borealis Property Background
In October 2003, we engaged a mining consultant to develop a preliminary scoping study for the redevelopment of the Borealis Property.
Following our consideration of the preliminary scoping study, and based on additional geologic field work, we retained Ore Reserves Engineering, consulting resource modeling engineers, to complete an updated resource estimate model in accordance with National Instrument 43-101. In May 2005, Ore Reserves Engineering delivered a report titled the Technical Report on the Mineral Resources of the Borealis Gold Project Located in Mineral County, Nevada, which we refer to as the "Technical Report." The preliminary scoping study, which preceded the Technical Report, was reviewed by Alan C. Noble, the author of the Technical Report. On January 11, 2007 the Technical Report of Alan C. Noble dated August 15, 2006 was updated and revised.
The Technical Report states that the preferred course of action for Gryphon Gold is to continue with the three phased business plan contained in the preliminary scoping study, resulting in mine development if such development is technically warranted and commercially feasible.
Recommendations included in the Technical Report, revised January 11, 2007 state that the analysis of the geologic and drill hole data has identified a significant in-place resource that requires further expansion prior to defining surface mineable reserves.
We are undertaking a systematic district-scale exploration program designed to discover and delineate large gold deposits within the greater Borealis property, outside of the known mineral deposits, which should focus along known mineralized trends that project into untested gravel-covered areas with coincident geophysical anomalies.
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The principal steps to the current exploration plans related to the Borealis Property include:
completing the permitting process;
continuing drilling in the area known as the Graben to test the extent and further define the quality of known sulfide gold mineralization; and
continuing the exploration program for the areas of the Borealis Property outside the Borealis site.
We are actively working on completion of all the above steps. In addition and in accordance with the recommendations contained in the Technical Report, we are undertaking an exploration program on areas of the Borealis Property outside the Borealis Site, subject to receiving required permits. We are actively drilling the Graben zone, and are, or will be testing other high-potential targets contained in the Central and Western Pediment Prospect areas and the Rainbox Ridge and Tough Hills area.. We will evaluate whether the construction of mine facilities on the Borealis site is warranted by project economics upon the identification of additional gold resources. If we determine to proceed with mine construction, we will be required to obtain additional capital. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis Liquidity and Capital Resources" and "Risk Factors and Uncertainties".
Geological Setting
Regional Geology
The Borealis mining district lies within the northwest-trending Walker Lane mineral belt of the western Basin and Range province, which hosts numerous gold and silver deposits. Mesozoic metamorphic rocks in the region are intruded by Cretaceous granitic plutons. In the Wassuk range the Mesozoic basement is principally granodiorite with metamorphic rock inclusions. Overlying these rocks are minor occurrences of Tertiary rhyolitic tuffs and more extensive andesite flows. Near some fault zones, the granitic basement rocks exposed in the eastern part of the district are locally weakly altered and limonite stained.
The oldest exposed Tertiary rocks are rhyolitic tuffs in small isolated outcrops which may be erosional remnants of a more extensive unit. The rhyolitic tuffs may be correlative with regionally extensive Oligocene rhyolitic ignimbrites found in the Yerington area to the north and within the northern Wassuk Range. On the west side of the Wassuk Range, a thick sequence of older Miocene andesitic volcanic rocks unconformably overlies and is in fault contact with the granitic and metamorphic rocks, which generally occur east of the Borealis district. The age of the andesites is poorly constrained due to limited regional dating, but an age of 19 to 15 Ma is suggested ("Ma" refers to million years before present). In the Aurora district, 10 miles southwest of the Borealis district, andesitic agglomerates and flows dated at 15.4 to 13.5 Ma overlie Mesozoic basement rocks and host gold-silver mineralization. Based on these data, the andesites in the Borealis region can be considered as 19 to 13.5 Ma.
The Borealis district lies within the northeast-trending Bodie-Aurora-Borealis mineral belt; the Aurora district, with 1.9 million ounces of past gold production, lies 10 miles southwest of Borealis and the Bodie district, with 1.5 million ounces of gold production, lies 19 miles southwest in California. All three mining districts are hosted by Miocene volcanics. The intersection of northwesterly and west-northwesterly trending Walker Lane structures with the northeasterly trending structures of the Aurora-Borealis zone probably provided the structural preparation conducive to extensive hydrothermal alteration and mineralization at Borealis.
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Local Geology
The Borealis District comprises widespread high-sulfidation, acid-sulfate alteration, gold-silver mineralization that was the focus of recent and historical mining operations. The district trends N70-75W, for seven miles, from Bullion-Delta targets, west-northwest to Purdy Peak. The eastern boundary of the district is west of Mesozoic intrusive rocks, and Pre-Mesozoic sequences. The western limit of the district is unknown and unexplored.
The Borealis district represents a tectonic setting in which stress was accommodated via left lateral wrench tectonic system that was in an opposite sense relative to the Walker Lane Fault Zone (right lateral displacement). Local domains of reverse polarity are not uncommon in large transcurrent strike-slip fault systems.
Gold-silver mineralization, silicified fault breccias, zones of silicification, and associated alteration is structurally controlled within a left lateral wrench tectonic system.
The most important structural trends defined in the district are:
Faults, fault breccias, linear zones of silicification and silicified sheeted joints dip steeply, vertical to 60 degrees. These zones dip predominately westerly, i.e. northwesterly, southwesterly, with subordinate northeast dips. Strucutral zones are laterally discontinuous exhibiting en-echelon patterns and complex sets of conjugate internal joint arrays.
In general, volcanic sequences dip from 20 to 60 degrees westerly. Primary bedding and flow foliation, adjacent to the eastern most volcanic-granite dip northerly at 20 to 40 degrees. An early "andesite phase" was likely extruded during a "earlier" tectonic system relative to subsequent interbedded andesite autobreccias and flows.
Preliminary structural analysis suggests, (1) radial patterns around tectonic-volcanic centers, (2) volcanic sequences exhibit open fold geometries (less than 45 degrees), gently folded along northwest trending fold axis, and vertically (both normal and reverse) displaced along northwest and northeast trending fold axial planes.
Five distinct styles of silicification occur in the district:
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Mineral Deposits
The gold deposits contained within the larger, district scale, Borealis hydrothermal system are recognized as high-sulfidation type systems with high-grade gold mineralization occurring along steeply dipping structures and lower grade gold mineralization both surrounding the high-grade and commonly controlled by more permeable volcanic rocks in relatively flat-lying zones. The gold deposits, some with minor amounts of silver mineralization are hosted by Miocene andesitic flows, laharic breccias, and volcaniclastic tuffs, which all strike northeasterly and dip shallowly to the northwest. Pediment gravels cover the altered-mineralized volcanic rocks at lower elevations along the mountain front and there is potential for discovery of more blind deposits, similar to the Graben deposit.
The surface "footprints" of the high-grade pods or pipe-like bodies, found to date are rather small and they can be easily missed with patterns of too widely spaced geophysical surveys and drill holes. Most of the drilling on the property by prior owners, including the Graben deposit, is vertical, and therefore did not adequately sample the steep higher-grade zones. Drill-hole orientation may have underestimated the grades within the district. The coarse gold component can best be captured with very careful sampling of drill cuttings and core and collecting large samples.
Several drill holes to the west of Freedom Flats and Borealis encountered gold within the alluvium stratigraphically above known deposits. These holes trace a gold-bearing zone that in plan appears to outline a paleochannel of a stream or gently sloping hillside that may have had its origin in the eroding Borealis deposit. The zone is at least 2,500 feet long, up to 500 feet wide, and several tens up to 100 feet thick. At this point it is unknown if this is a true placer deposit, an alluvial deposit of broken ore, or some combination of both. Additional drilling and beneficiation tests are needed to determine if an economic gold deposit exists.
Exploration
Since the late 1970's, considerable exploration has been completed at the Borealis Property with the primary objective of finding near surface deposits with oxide type gold mineralization. Exploration work has consisted of field mapping, surface sampling, geochemical surveys, geophysical surveys, and shallow exploration drilling. Only limited drilling and geological field work has been completed in areas covered by pediment gravels, even though Freedom Flats was an unknown, blind deposit, without surface expression when discovered.
Many geophysical surveys have been conducted by others in the Borealis district since 1978. In addition, regional magnetics and gravity maps and information are available through governmental sources. The most useful geophysical data from the exploration programs has been induced polarization (IP) (chargeability), aeromagnetics, and, to a lesser degree, resistivity.
Areas with known occurrences of gold mineralization, which have been defined by historical exploration drilling, and have had historical mine production include: East Ridge and Gold View, Northeast Ridge, Freedom Flats, Borealis, and Deep Ore Flats (also known as Polaris). All of these deposits still have gold mineralization remaining in place, contiguous with the portions of each individual deposit which has been mined
Discovery potential on the Borealis Property includes oxidized gold mineralization adjacent to existing pits, new oxide gold deposits at shallow depth within the large land position, gold associated with sulfide minerals below and adjacent to the existing pits, in possible feeder zones below surface mined ore and deeper gold-bearing sulfide mineralization elsewhere on the property. Both oxidized and sulfide-bearing gold deposits exhibit lithologic and structural controls for the locations and morphologies of the gold deposits.
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The following areas have not been subject to historic mine production, but have been subject to historical exploration that has identified gold mineralization.
Borealis Extension
The Borealis Extension deposit occurs at shallow to intermediate depth beneath the northern and western parts of the former Borealis pit. Most of the mineralization begins at 110 to 375 ft below the surface. Generally the top of this target occurs at or slightly below the 7,000-ft elevation. The primary target is defined by 16 contiguous drill holes completed by previous operators that have potential ore-grade intercepts and that penetrate beneath the 7,000-ft elevation. Thickness of low-grade mineralized intercepts ranges from 15 to 560 ft with nine holes having from 155 to 560 ft of +0.01 opt of gold; average thickness of the zone is 236 ft. We have drilled an additional 16 holes into the deposit. The drilling results were generally marginal. Further evaluation work is in progress.
Graben Deposit
The Graben deposit is currently defined with approximately 66 RC holes and 19 core holes. Drilling has defined a zone of gold mineralization, using an 0.01 opt Au boundary, that extends at least 2,000 ft in a north-south direction and between 400 and 900 ft east-west, and up to 600 ft thick. The top of the deposit is generally 500 feet below the surface. Near its southern margin the axis of the deposit is within 800 ft of the Freedom Flats deposit and along one portion of the southeastern margin low-grade mineralization may connect with the Freedom Flats mineralization through an east-west trending splay. Drilling data appears to confirm mineralization at the southern margin of the deposit is closed off.Drill hole GGC-G-14 drilled to test the west margin of the deposit and indicates the mineralized zone may extend to the west. Much of the eastern margin is poorly defined by drilling. During 2006 we completed a fence of drill holes that essentially closes off the northern extension of the mineralization.
To date, we have drilled 40 RC drill holes into the Graben zone. Most holes reported mineralized intervals. Exploration drilling in the Graben will be continuing during fiscal 2008 as one of the major focuses of our exploration program. Future drilling will both in-fill areas of prospective high grade gold zones and step out from the Graben zone primarily in the west and east directions in order to delineate more gold mineralization.
North Graben Prospect
The North Graben prospect is defined by the projection of known mineralization, verified by drilling sampling and coincident with a large intense aeromagnetic low and a broad chargeability (IP) high. The North Graben lies on trend of the north-northeast-elongate Graben mineralized zone. In 1989, Echo Bay had completed a district-wide helicopter magnetic/electromagnetic survey, which identified a large, intense type aeromagnetic low in the North Graben area. This coincident magnetic low/chargeability high is now interpreted as being caused by an intensive and extensive hydrothermal alteration-mineralization system.
In 2006 and 2007 we completed six holes into the North Graben geophysical anomaly. Five of the six holes intercepted a deep hydrothermal system as indicated by several zones of silicification and pyritization up to 20%. None of the holes contained significant amounts of gold, but were geochemically anomalous in gold and silver. Additional drilling is planned.
Cambior conducted a gradient IP survey in 1997, which identifies a deep-source broad chargeability anomaly that extends northerly from the northern margin of the Freedom Flats deposit, covers only part of the Graben zone and most of the North Graben area, and extends to the limit of the surveyed area. This anomaly is interpreted to be caused by high-sulfide mineralization. The North Graben prospect thus represents the possible extension of known mineralization of the Graben zone.
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Rainbow Ridge and Tough Hills Prospects
Previous exploration drilling the Rainbow Ridge and Tough Hills Prospect areas targeted shallow oxide mineralization, generally less than 500 feet deep. In 2006 we completed four gradient IP/ resistivity survey blocks covering a total area of one square mile. Results from these surveys indicate a broad deep seated north, north-east trending chargeability anomaly and a prominent, shallow north west trending chargeability anomaly. Drill targeting and permitting for drill access are underway. Initial drilling in these prospect areas is planned for mid to late fall 2007.
Central Pediment Prospect
Between November 2006 and May 2007 we completed eight holes in the Central Pediment. Drilling in the Lucky Boy zone in the western margin of the Central Pediment has identified a thick, highly favorable gold bearing horizon. The horizon extends laterally more than 2,250 feet. Drill hole GGC-CP-2 demonstrated a hydrothermally altered zone as great as 1,300 feet thick. Zonge Geosciences Inc. completed IP/resistivity surveys within the Lucky Boy zone. The survey results support other geological evidences that the Lucky Boy zone may contain a major gold bearing hydrothermal system.
Western Pediment Prospect
Two drill holes (GGC-WP-1, and GGC-WP-2) were completed in the Flat Lands zone of the Western Pediment. These holes targeted mineralization south west along the Vuggy Hills trend. These holes encountered favorable alteration but were lost before reaching the intended target depth. Additional drilling along the Vuggy Hills trend is planned in calendar 2007.
Sunset Wash Prospect
The Sunset Wash prospect consists of a gravel-covered pediment underlain by extensive hydrothermal alteration in the western portion of the Borealis district. Sixteen holes drilled by Echo Bay Mines indicate that intense alteration occurs within a loosely defined west-southwest belt that extends westerly from the Jaime's Ridge/Cerro Duro deposits. At the western limit of the west-southwest belt, Cambior's IP survey and drilling results can be interpreted to indicate that the alteration system projects toward the southeast into the pediment along a mineralized northwest-oriented fault. Cambior conducted a gradient array induced polarization (IP) survey over the Sunset Wash area effectively outlining a 1,000 by 5,000 ft chargeability anomaly. The anomaly corresponds exceptionally well to alteration and sulfide mineralization identified by Echo Bay's drill-hole results. Two structures appear to be mapped by the chargeability anomaly; one is a 5,000-ft long west-southwest-trending structure and the other is a smaller, northwest-trending structure that cuts off the W-SW structure at its western limit. Alteration types and intensity identified by the drilling, combined with the strong IP chargeability high and the aeromagnetic low, strongly suggest that the robust hydrothermal system at Sunset Wash is analogous to the mineralized systems at Graben and Freedom Flats.
Cambior drilled three holes to test portions of the Sunset Wash geophysical anomaly and to offset other preexisting drill holes with significant alteration. The westernmost of Cambior's three holes encountered the most encouraging alteration and best gold mineralization suggesting that this drillhole is near the most prospective area. This drill-hole intercepted altered rock from bedrock surface to total depth, including an extremely thick zone of chalcedonic replacement in the lower two-thirds of the hole. We plan to complete additional drilling in this target area during 2007.
Bullion Ridge/Boundary Ridge
The northeast-trending alteration zone extending along Boundary Ridge into Bullion Ridge contains intense silicification that is surrounded by argillization, with abundant anomalous gold. Widely spaced shallow holes completed by previous operators have tested several of the alteration/anomalous gold zones defining discrete zones of mineralized material.
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Mineralization
Overview
Finely disseminated gold mineralization found in the Borealis epithermal system was associated with pyrite and other gold bearing sulfide minerals such as marcasite when initially deposited by the gold rich hydrothermal fluids. In some portions of the deposits, over time through natural oxidation, the pyrite was transformed to limonite releasing the gold particles. Through this geologic process, the mineral character of the deposit was altered, and gold was exposed so that conventional hydrometallurgical processes (e.g. gold heap leaching) could be effectively applied to recover the gold. Gold still bound in pyrite or pyrite-silica which was not as readily oxidized in the geologic process, is not as easily recovered by a simple heap leach operations and may require some type of more advanced milling operation. Limited evidence suggests that in certain deposits such as the Borealis and Freedom Flats deposits, that some coarse gold exists, probably in the higher-grade zones.
Oxide Gold Mineralization
Oxide gold mineralization is generally more amenable to direct cyanidation processes such as heap leaching as compared to sulfide gold mineralization.
Oxide deposits in the district have goethite, hematite, and jarosite as the supergene oxidation products after iron sulfides, and the limonite type depends primarily on original sulfide mineralogy and abundance. Iron oxide minerals occur as thin fracture coatings, fillings, earthy masses, as well as disseminations throughout the rock. The degree of supergene oxidation, mineral constituents, and form and occurrence of the oxide minerals in the host rock are significant factors in determining metallurgical performance and ultimate gold recovery. As demonstrated in previous operations, this type of gold bearing material is amenable to conventional heap leaching methodology.
Depth of oxidation is variable throughout the district and is dependent on alteration type, structure, and rock type. Oxidation ranges from approximately 250 ft in argillic and propylitic altered rocks to over 600 ft in fractured silicified rocks. A transition zone from oxides to sulfides with depth is common with a mixing of oxide and sulfide minerals.
Except for the Graben deposit, all of the known gold deposits are at least partially oxidized. Typically the upper portion of a deposit is totally oxidized and the lower portions unoxidized. In places, such as the Ridge deposits, there is an extensive transition zone of partially oxidized sulfide bearing gold mineralization. Oxidation has been observed to at least 1,000 ft below the surface. Therefore, we believe that if additional gold deposits are found under gravel cover, some portion of them may be oxidized.
Sulfide Gold Mineralization
Sulfide gold mineralization is generally less amenable to conventional direct cyanidation metallurgical processes, and may require more advanced processes such as milling, flotation and oxidation prior to cyanidation.
Sulfide deposits in the district are mostly contained within quartz-pyrite alteration with the sulfides consisting mostly of pyrite with minor marcasite, and lesser arsenopyrite and cinnabar. Many trace minerals of copper, antimony, arsenic, mercury and silver have also been identified. Pyrite content ranges from 5 to 20 volume percent with local areas of nearly massive sulfides in the quartz-pyrite zone and it occurs with grain sizes up to 1mm. At Borealis, euhedral pyrite grains are commonly rimmed and partially replaced with a later stage of anhedral pyrite overgrowths. Study of this phenomenon in other epithermal districts in Nevada has shown that gold occurs only in the late overgrowths. Mineralogical studies of Borealis samples suggest that this may also be true at Borealis, but are not fully conclusive.
The Graben deposit is the best example found to date of the size and quality of sulfide deposits within the district. In addition sulfide mineral resources occur in the bottoms of most of the pits, but the most significant mineral resource in a pit environment is found beneath the Freedom Flats pit. Potential targets below most pits would include the feeder structures, many of which would be expected to have high-grade sulfide gold mineralization. Drilling of the Graben deposit has defined a total mineral resource of approximately 20 million tons with an average grade of 0.044 ounces of gold per ton containing about 880,000 ounces of gold within the deposit, using a 0.01 opt cutoff grade, as stated in the Technical Report. The high-grade zones within the Graben deposit are estimated to contain 780,000 tons of measured and indicated resource and 220,000 tons of inferred resource with an average grade of 0.29 ounces of gold per ton. While the larger deposit is a target for additional exploration, the higher-grade zones represent an attractive deposit for development at most gold prices.
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Drilling
We have conducted and are currently continuing a drilling program on the Borealis site. Set out below is a summary of the drilling work conducted on the Borealis Property by prior owners and by us.
Historical Drill Hole Database
The drill-hole database used for the main Borealis project study area contains 1,747 drill holes with a total drilled length of 510,712 ft, including 1,626 which intersected gold mineralization. These holes were drilled by various prior operators. Drill-hole types include diamond core holes, reverse circulation (RC) holes and rotary holes. Only a few core holes have down-hole survey information. Mineralized zones covered by these drill holes include the Freedom Flats, Graben, Borealis, Polaris, East Ridge and Northeast Ridge. Except for Graben, all have been partially mined by previous operators of the project; the Borealis and Deep Ore Flats (also known as Polaris) pits have been back-filled with waste from the Freedom Flats pit. There are an additional 487 drill holes with a total drilled length of 103,562 ft scattered throughout the district, and mostly in the Cerro Duro, Jamie's Ridge, and Purdy Peak area, at approximately three miles distant northwest of the main Borealis mine area. The total existing drilling for the entire Borealis Property, therefore, is 2,234 holes with a total drilled length of 614,274 ft. None of these historical holes were drilled by us.
Drill hole sampling length is generally 5 ft for the RC holes, but varies for the core holes based on geological intervals. Sampling length is up to 25 ft for some of the early rotary holes. Gold assays in parts per billion (ppb) and troy ounces per short ton (opt) are provided for most of the sampling intervals. Silver assays in parts per million (ppm) and opt are also provided for some of the sampling intervals. Silver grade was not modeled in this study.
Drilling of Existing Heaps and Dumps
In May 2004 we completed a drilling program on the five Borealis site heaps and parts of the Freedom Flats and Borealis site dumps. This program consisted of 32 holes totaling 2,478.5 ft. Dump holes were drilled deep enough to penetrate the soil horizon below the dump, while holes on the heaps were drilled to an estimated 10-15 ft above the heap's liner.
Current Drilling Program
Our drill hole database used for resource modeling and mine planning is comprised of more than 2,400 drill holes within the Central Borealis Area. These holes have been drilled during the period from 1978 through early January 2006. The average depth of the holes is about 300 ft, but the bulk of the holes are less than 200 ft with a limited number of holes in certain locations reaching depths of 1,500 to 2,000 ft testing deeper mineralized zones. The average assay interval is about 5 ft. The majority of the drill holes contained in the database were completed by others, with Gryphon completing approximately 90 in 2005 and 25 in January 2006 in areas contiguous with known deposits. The database is summarized in the table shown:
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|
Number |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Holes |
Total |
Sample |
Sample |
Total |
Average |
|
Mineralized Zone |
Penetrating |
Intervals |
Intervals |
Intervals |
Assayed |
Assay |
Average |
|
Zone (1) |
Sampled |
Not Assayed |
Assayed |
Footage |
Length |
Gold Grade |
|
|
|
|
|
(ft) |
(ft) |
(opt Au) |
Graben |
64 |
2,773 |
131 |
2,642 |
13,127 |
5.0 |
0.055 |
Freedom Flats (2) |
147 |
6,323 |
225 |
6,098 |
30,486 |
5.0 |
0.064 |
Borealis (2) |
337 |
6,045 |
125 |
5,920 |
30,003 |
5.1 |
0.037 |
Deep Ore Flats (2) |
181 |
2,544 |
46 |
2,498 |
12,520 |
5.0 |
0.013 |
Crocodile Ridge (2) |
39 |
560 |
3 |
557 |
2,785 |
5.0 |
0.006 |
Alluvium |
260 |
1,688 |
176 |
1,512 |
7,560 |
5.0 |
0.006 |
Middle Ridge (2) |
73 |
1,507 |
26 |
1,481 |
7,405 |
5.0 |
0.008 |
Northeast Ridge (2) |
221 |
6,160 |
119 |
6,041 |
30,260 |
5.0 |
0.017 |
East Ridge (2) |
211 |
5,203 |
119 |
5,084 |
25,512 |
5.0 |
0.019 |
Purdy's Peak |
39 |
726 |
5 |
721 |
3,610 |
5.0 |
0.017 |
Cerro Duro (2) |
105 |
1,363 |
19 |
1,344 |
6,446 |
4.8 |
0.058 |
Jaime's Ridge (2) |
42 |
910 |
3 |
907 |
4,530 |
5.0 |
0.039 |
Total in the Primary Mineralized Zones ( |
- |
35,802 |
997 |
34,805 |
174,244 |
5.0 |
0.033 |
Total Outside Areas |
- |
71,953 |
3,749 |
68,204 |
344,946 |
5.1 |
0.001 |
Footnotes 1-Drill holes may intersect more than one zone, therefore the number of holes by zone is not additive
2-Includes some drilling that is part of the mineralized zone, but that has been mined out.
In 2006, Gryphon drilled more than 70 additional drill holes to explore for gold bearing sulfide mineralization, development, and engineering purposes. Drill holes not included in the current data base, which have been completed in 2006, are shown on the following two tables:
28
Exploration Drilling in 2006 |
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
TARGET |
HOLE ID |
DEPTH |
BEARING |
ANGLE |
ASSAY |
AREA |
|
FEET |
|
|
SUMMARIES |
|
|
|
|
|
(Cut off 0.01 opt Au) |
CROCODILE RIDGE - Oxide Exploration Target |
|
|
|
||
|
GGCCR-01 |
500 |
|
-45 |
65-90' @ 0.017 opt Au and 0.196 opt Ag |
|
GGCCR-02 |
300 |
N20W |
-60 |
90-110' @ 0.018 opt Au and 0.154 opt Ag |
|
|
|
|
|
155-165' @ 0.005 opt Au and 0.540 opt Ag |
|
GGCCR-03 |
500 |
N20W |
-45 |
50-130' @ 0.014 opt Au and 0.110 opt Ag |
|
GGCCR-04 |
500 |
N20W |
-60 |
65-165' @ 0.010 opt Au and 0.133 opt Ag |
|
GGCCR-05 |
810 |
N20W |
-45 |
585-620' @013 opt Au and 0.220 opt Ag |
|
GGCCR-06 |
300 |
N20W |
-60 |
150-165' @ 0.013 opt Au and 0.126 opt Ag |
|
|
|
|
|
210-215' @ 0.016 opt Au and .240 opt Ag |
|
|
|
|
|
260-270' @0.019 optAu and 0.109 opt Ag |
|
|
|
|
|
280-300' @0.047 opt Au and 0.495 opt Ag |
|
GGCCR-07 |
300 |
N20W |
-45 |
80-105' @ 0.025 opt Au |
|
|
|
|
|
125-145' 0.012 opt Au |
|
GGCCR-08 |
300 |
N20W |
-60 |
135-140' @0.012 opt Au and 0.38 opt Ag |
|
|
|
|
|
125-145' @ 0.012 opt Au |
|
GGCCR-09 |
300 |
N20W |
-45 |
110-115' @0.016 opt Au and 0.143 opt Ag |
|
|
|
|
|
120-135 @ 0.008 opt Au and .387 opt Ag |
|
GGCCR-10 |
300 |
N20W |
-60 |
assays pending |
|
GGCCR-11 |
225 |
N20W |
-45 |
70-85' @0.020 opt Au and 0.888 opt Ag |
|
|
|
|
|
95-105' @. 0.011 opt Aui and 0.099 opt Ag |
FREEDOM FLATS - Oxide + Sulfide Target Exploration |
|
|
|
||
|
GGCFF-10 |
1000 |
- |
-90 |
Nil |
|
GGCFF-11 |
680 |
- |
-90 |
550-620' @ 0.015 opt Au |
|
|
|
|
|
475-490' @0.692 opt Ag |
|
GGCFF-12 |
880 |
- |
-90 |
340-585' @ 0.054 opt Au and 0.40 opt Ag |
|
|
|
|
|
370-400' @0.189 opt Au and 0.44 Ag |
|
|
|
|
|
755-775' @ 1.01 opt Ag and trace Au |
GRABEN - Sulfide Exploration Target |
|
|
|
|
|
|
GGCG-03 |
1500 |
- |
-90 |
940-1025' @ 0.100 opt Au and 0.748 opt Ag |
|
|
|
|
|
970-1015' @ 0.158 opt Au and 1.09 opt Ag |
|
GGCG-04 |
1500 |
- |
-90 |
885-1045' @ 0.074 opt Au and 0.53 opt Ag |
|
GGCG-05 |
1500 |
- |
-90 |
495-550' @ 0.040 opt Au |
|
GGCG-06 |
|
|
|
625-725' @ 0.029 opt Au |
|
GGCG-07 |
1070 |
|
-90 |
515-1071' @ 0.101 opt Au and 0.378 opt Ag |
|
|
|
|
|
640-810' @ 0.212 opt Au and 0.356 opt Ag |
|
GGCG-08 |
1500 |
|
-90 |
Assays pending |
|
GGCG-09 |
1500 |
|
-90 |
705-880' @.073 opt Auand 0.973 opt Ag |
|
|
|
|
|
785-815 @ .188 opt Au and 1.39 opt Ag |
|
GGCG-10 |
1305 |
S50E |
-70 |
950-975 @ 0.028 opt Au |
|
GGCG-11 |
1400 |
S70W |
-70 |
Assays pending |
|
GGCG-12 |
740 |
N80E |
-80 |
Assays pending |
NORTH GRABEN -Sulfide Exploration Target |
|
|
|
|
|
|
GGCNG-01 |
1500 |
- |
-90 |
Nil |
|
GGCNG-02 |
1490 |
- |
-90 |
Nil |
|
GGCNG-03 |
1420 |
- |
-90 |
Nil |
|
GGCNG-04 |
1500 |
N20W |
-60 |
Nil |
Average drill hole depth for exploration holes during fiscal 2006 was more than 910 feet, with an average sample interval of about 5 feet. Several holes were drilled at angles less than vertical to test in areas where mineralization may occur in sub-vertical zones. As of the date of the prior years 10-KSB, we were waiting for laboratory assay results for holes CCGC-11 and 12 that were completed in the Graben.
29
Development and Condemnation Drilling in 2006 |
|||||
HOLE ID | DEPTH | BEARING | ANGLE | ASSAY | |
AREA | FEET | SUMMARIES | |||
(Cut off 0.01 opt Au) | |||||
BOREALIS EXTENSION - Development Drilling | |||||
GGCBE-16 | 940 | N45W | -45 | 0-10' @ 0.039 opt Au | |
DEEP ORE FLATS - Development Drilling | |||||
GGCDOF-36 | 500 | N60W | -45 | Nil | |
GGCDOF-37 | 500 | N60W | -45 | Nil | |
GGCDOF-38 | 500 | N60W | -45 | Nil | |
EAST RIDGE - Development Drilling | |||||
GGCER-24 | 500 | - | -90 | 0-65' @ 0.036 opt Au | |
GGCER-25 | 400 | S50E | -60 | nil | |
GGCER-26 | 375 | S50E | -45 | 35-135' @ 0.014 opt Au | |
GGCER-27 | 450 | S50E | -45 | Nil | |
LEACH PAD - Condemnation Drilling | |||||
GGCLP-01, 01A | 1140 | -90 | Nil | ||
GGCLP-02 | 1300 | N60W | -45 | Nil | |
MIDDLE RIDGE - Development Drilling | |||||
GGCMR-12 | 300 | - | -90 | 20-30' @ 0.016 opt Au | |
225-235' @ 0.012 opt Au | |||||
GGCMR-13 | 60 | N45W | -45 | 20-35 @0.011 opt Au |
Development and condemnation drilling was focused at defining limits of known deposits and proving non-mineral character of certain areas which may be suitable for surface facilities. Two holes in East Ridge were also utilized to assist in the characterization of the hydrological regime in the Central Borealis Area.
30
The table below shows the results of exploration drilling for holes completed beginning with GGCG-11 (May 2006) through April 6, 2007. Additional drilling has been completed after April 6, 2007, but is not included in the table because assay information is pending.
Gryphon Gold Corporation | ||||
Compendium of April 2006 to May 2007 Drill Holes | ||||
|
From |
To |
Interval |
Gold |
Hole No. |
(feet) |
(feet) |
(feet) |
(opt) |
Area: Graben |
|
|
|
|
G-11 |
550 |
925 |
375 |
0.050 |
including |
995 |
1,150 |
155 |
0.030 |
G-12 (lost) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
G-13 |
800 |
935 |
135 |
0.140 |
including |
805 |
850 |
45 |
0.300 |
and |
810 |
820 |
10 |
0.760 |
G-14 |
680 |
935 |
255 |
0.035 |
including |
845 |
870 |
25 |
0.103 |
G-15 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
G-18 |
415 |
445 |
30 |
0.030 |
including |
615 |
665 |
50 |
0.170 |
and |
755 |
840 |
85 |
0.020 |
and |
895 |
995 |
100 |
0.020 |
and |
1,090 |
1,155 |
65 |
0.050 |
G-24 |
695 |
780 |
85 |
0.040 |
G-25 (lost) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
G-26 |
665 |
735 |
70 |
0.060 |
G-27 |
545 |
560 |
15 |
0.080 |
including |
1,075 |
1,135 |
60 |
0.010 |
G-28 |
490 |
1,135 |
640 |
0.033 |
including |
585 |
595 |
10 |
0.204 |
and |
625 |
645 |
20 |
0.117 |
and |
1090 |
1110 |
20 |
0.126 |
G-29 |
600 |
790 |
185 |
0.190 |
including |
625 |
790 |
165 |
0.212 |
G-30 |
705 |
730 |
25 |
0.015 |
and |
765 |
795 |
30 |
0.019 |
and |
870 |
925 |
55 |
0.057 |
G-31 |
580 |
850 |
270 |
0.043 |
including |
610 |
640 |
30 |
0.125 |
and |
945 |
1150 |
205 |
0.033 |
G-32 |
540 |
700 |
160 |
0.082 |
including |
570 |
605 |
35 |
0.113 |
and |
660 |
700 |
40 |
0.135 |
and |
880 |
1035 |
155 |
0.06 |
G-33 |
no significant assays |
0 nil |
|
|
G-34 |
no significant assays |
0 nil |
|
|
G-35 |
no significant assays |
0 nil |
|
|
G-36 |
880 |
925 |
45 |
0.003 |
G-37 |
no significant assays |
0 nil |
|
|
G-38 (lost) |
0 |
31 0 |
0 nil |
|
G-38A |
485 |
495 |
10 |
0.032 |
and |
585 |
760 |
175 |
0.041 |
31
Area: Northeastern Graben (intervals of favorable quartz-pyrite alteration) |
||||
G-16 |
970 |
1,065 |
95 |
nil |
G-17 |
870 |
1,120 |
250 |
nil |
G-19 |
900 |
1,070 |
170 |
nil |
G-20 |
645 |
970 |
325 |
nil |
G-21 |
915 |
1,120 |
205 |
nil |
G-22 |
885 |
990 |
105 |
nil |
G-23 |
630 |
840 |
210 |
nil |
|
|
|
|
|
Area: North Graben (intervals of favorable quartz-pyrite alteration) |
||||
NG-05 |
870 |
1,015 |
145 |
nil |
NG-06 |
No significant assays |
0 |
nil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Area: Western Pediment (intervals of favorable quartz-pyrite alteration) |
||||
WP-01 |
410 |
853 |
443 |
detectable gold |
WP-02 |
0 |
804 |
804 |
detectable gold |
|
|
|
|
|
Area: Central Pediment (intervals of favorable quartz-pyrite alteration) |
||||
CP-01 |
410 |
853 |
443 |
detectable gold |
CP-02 |
433 |
1,845 |
1,412 |
detectable gold |
CP-03 |
994 |
1,319 |
325 |
detectable gold |
CP-04 |
1145 |
1155 |
10 |
0.011 |
- The term 'nil' denotes that assay results returned less than 20 parts per billion ("ppb") gold.Terms and Notice:
AMEC, has been retained to complete a CIM compliant resource estimate (in accordance with Canadian NI 43-101) that will incorporate the results of drilling contained in the above tables. This resource estimate is expected to be completed during the fall of 2007.
Sampling and Analysis
General
The Borealis Mine operated from 1981 through 1990 producing approximately 10.7 million tons of ore averaging 0.059 ounces of gold per ton from seven open pits. The mined ore contained approximately 635,000 ounces of gold of which approximately 500,000 ounces of gold were recovered through a heap leach operation (please refer to footnote to table "Reported Past Borealis Production 1981-1990"). This historic production can be considered a bulk sample of the deposits validating the database that was used for feasibility studies and construction decisions through the 1980s. With over 2,200 drill holes in the database that was compiled over a 20-year period by major companies, the amount of information on the project is extensive. It is primarily these data that have been used as the foundation of the current mineral resource estimate. The bulk of the data was collected beginning in 1978, the year of discovery of the initial ore-grade mineralization, and was continuously collected through the final year of full production. Subsequent owners who conducted exploration programs through the 1990s added to the database.
32
Previous Mining Operations Sampling, Analysis, Quality Control and Security
Specific detailed information on sampling methods and approaches by the various mine operators is not available to us. However, a report written in 1981 (referred to in the Technical Report) noted that the drilling, sampling and analytical procedures as well as assay checks were reported as acceptable by industry practice.
Echo Bay Mines performed quality checks on their drill cuttings, sampling and assaying methods as part of their evaluation of the property prior to and following its purchase from Tenneco Minerals, indicating that the original assays were reliable and representative. During their exploration and development programs they also drilled a number of core hole twins of reverse circulation rotary drill holes to compare assay results in the same areas.
Houston Oil and Minerals, Tenneco, and Echo Bay Mines are reported to have used standard sample preparation and analytical techniques in their exploration and evaluation efforts, but detailed descriptions of the procedures have not been found. Most of the drill-hole assaying was accomplished by major laboratories that were in existence at the time of the drilling programs. Various labs including Monitor Geochemical, Union Assaying, Barringer, Chemex, Bondar-Clegg, Metallurgical Laboratories, Cone Geochemical, the Borealis Mine lab and others were involved in the assaying at different phases of the exploration and mining activity.
We believe that early work on the property relied on assay standards that were supplied by the laboratories doing the assaying. However, Echo Bay Mines (1986) reported using seven internal quality control standards for their Borealis Mine drill-hole assaying program. The seven standards ranged in gold concentrations from 170 ppb to 0.37 opt. Assay labs involved in the standards analyses were Cone Geochemical, Chemex, and the Borealis Mine lab, and the precision of the three labs was reported as excellent (+/- 1 to 8%) for the higher gold grades (0.154-0.373 opt); acceptable (+/- 3 to 14%) for the lower grades (0.029-0.037 opt); and fair (+/- 4 to 20%) for the geochemical anomaly grades (0.009 opt to 170 ppb). These data provide an initial estimation of the precision and accuracy of gold analyses of Borealis mineralization.
During 1986, Echo Bay instructed Chemex to analyze duplicate samples for five selected drill holes. A comparison was made of (a) 1/2 assay-ton fire assay with a gravimetric finish, versus (b) 1/2 assay-ton fire assay with an atomic absorption finish, versus (c) hot cyanide leach of a 10-gram sample. The 1/2 assay-ton fire assay gravimetric and the 1/2 assay-ton fire assay atomic absorption gave essentially the same results. However the hot cyanide leach gave results that were 5-11 percent higher in one comparison and significantly lower in another, prompting Chemex to conclude that cyanide leach assaying was not appropriate for Borealis samples. The great majority of the assays in the database are based on fire assays.
We have no information relating to the sample security arrangements made by the previous operators.
Gryphon Gold Operations Sampling, Analysis, Quality Control and Security
The work we performed to evaluate the 32 holes drilled in 2004 on the five previously leached heaps and two waste dumps was done by a sonic rig to retrieve a core-like sample. All drill holes were drilled vertical, with the sample immediately slid into a plastic sleeve that was sealed and marked with the drill hole number and footage interval. These plastic sample sleeves were not reopened until they reached the analytical lab. A Qualified Person and geologist, Roger Steininger, monitored all of the drill procedures and the handover to the analytical lab. A non-blind standard was added as the last sample of each hole, which was obvious to the lab since the standard was in a pulp bag, although the lab did not know the gold value of the standard.
All samples were submitted to American Assays Labs of Sparks, Nevada. Each analytical sample was split in a rotary splitter with a one-fifth of the sample removed for assay and the remaining four-fifths retained for metallurgical testing. Each assay sample was pulverized and assayed for gold and silver by one assay ton fire assay, and a two hour 200 gram cyanide shake assay for dissolvable gold. As part of the quality control program, standards were submitted to American Assay Labs (AAL) with each drill hole, several assayed pulps and two standards were submitted to ALS Chemex, and three of the duplicates and two standards were submitted to ActLabs-Skyline.
For the hard rock drilling program, started in 2005 and continuing, reverse circulation drilling services were provided by two international drilling contractors, Diversified Drilling LLC of Missoula, Montana and Eklund Drilling Company of Reno, Nevada. Drill bit size equaled 4 ½ inches in diameter and samples were collected at 5-foot intervals (1.5 meters). All drill samples were bagged and sealed at the drill site by drill contractor employees, placed in bins, and delivered to a secure storage. American Assay Laboratories in Sparks, Nevada picked up the sample bins from secure storage. AAL is ISO/IEC 17025 certified and has successfully completed Canadian proficiency testing (CCRMP). Drill cuttings were dried, crushed to 10 mesh, rotary split to 1,000 grams, pulverized to 150 mesh, split to 350 gram pulps, fire assayed for gold and silver using 1-assay ton fire assay with gravimetric finish. Strict QA/QC protocol was followed, including the insertion of standards and blanks on a regular basis in the assaying process.
33
In the period between April 2006 and May 2007, reverse circulation drilling services were provided Eklund Drilling Company of Elko, Nevada. Drill bit size equaled 4 ½ inches in diameter and samples were collected at 5-foot intervals (1.5 meters). All drill samples were bagged and sealed at the drill site by the drill contractor employees, placed in bins, and delivered to a secure storage. Inspectorate America Corporation (IAC) in Sparks, Nevada picked up the sample bins from secure storage. IAC is ISO 9001:2000 certified (Certificate number: 37295) and has successfully completed Canadian proficiency testing (CCRMP). Drill cuttings were dried, crushed to 10 mesh, rotary split to 1,000 grams, pulverized to 150 mesh, split to 350 gram pulps, fire assayed for gold and silver using 1-assay ton fire assay with an AA finish. Assays greater than 0.10 opt Au were re-assayed by 1-assay ton fire assay with a gravimetric finish. Strict QA/QC protocol was followed, including the insertion of standards and blanks on a regular basis in the assaying process.
Historical Mining and Metallurgical Operations
The historical mining operations processed both a run-of-mine ore and an ore that was crushed to a nominal 1 1/2-inch product as the primary feed material that was placed on the heap for leaching. The fines fraction was agglomerated with cement, mixed with the coarse fraction, and leached with sodium cyanide solution. Gold mineralization is finely disseminated and/or partially bonded with pyrite, and although there are very little ore mineralogy data available, historical operating reports suggest that some coarse gold may exist. Gold that is bound in pyrite or pyrite-silica is not easily recovered by simple heap leach cyanidation, however gold recovery in oxide ores is reported to average about 80% for the ore treated. There are no reports of carbonaceous refractory components within the old heap or dump materials. The previous mine operators employed a Merrill Crowe circuit to enhance ease of silver recovery, followed by a retort to remove mercury.
Laboratory testing subsequent to mine shut down in 1990 indicates that gold recoveries of 55 to 80 percent can be expected from remaining oxide material on the Borealis Property by heap leaching.
Based on limited testwork, gold bearing sulfide material appears to respond to conventional flotation concentration and cyanidation of oxidized concentrates. In the laboratory testing, chemical oxidation and bioxidation treatment of the sulfide material yield a high level of oxidation and correspondingly high gold recoveries after cyanidation of the oxidized material. Aeration of concentrate slurries may be a suitable oxidation method for the sulfide material. A test plan to evaluate recovery options for the sulfide ores from the Borealis Project site is planned for 2007.
Exploration and Development
Our development and exploration plans are based on the recommendations contained on the Technical Report and are subject to our ability to obtain additional capital to fund such plans. These plans are outlined below:
Permitting Process
We will maintain the permits we have received that are necessary for mine start up. Maintaining the permits necessary for mine start up does not require us to complete a feasibility study. The principal permits were issued during calendar 2006, while ordinary course permits will be sought prior to the possible mine start up. .
The following is a summary and status of the principal permits and status of each as required for the Borealis Gold Project:
34
Drilling and Feasibility
We plan to continue our drilling and exploration program with the intent of locating additional sulfide and oxide gold resources on the Borealis property. The primary focus of the program will be within the previously disturbed area, the Graben zone and in the Central and Western Pediment areas. Once sufficient additional potential resources are discovered, we will assess possible methods of beginning production including the possible completion of a feasibility study.
Possible Futur
e Mine DevelopmentIf warranted by the discovery and possible development of additional gold resources, project economics and if we are successful in obtaining adequate additional capital, we may propose to build a mine operation on the Borealis site. Our plan will be based on the Plan of Operation filed with the U.S. Forest Service and could change based on additional information as it is acquired and analyzed in our ongoing engineering studies and feasibility study.
35
The Plan of Operation consists of the reopening of a previously reclaimed open pit mining operation. The Plan of Operation does not present an economic analysis, and we have not
placed any information in the Plan of Operation regarding capital expenditures, operating costs, ore grade, anticipated revenues, or projected cash flows.Mineralized Material Expansion and Exploration Program
We have undertaken a systematic district scale exploration program designed to discover and delineate large gold deposits within the greater Borealis Property, outside of the known mineral deposits, which will focus along known mineralized trends that project into untested gravel-covered areas with coincident geophysical anomalies. The greatest potential in the district lies beneath a large gravel-covered area at the mountain front with several potential blind deposits (with no surface expression). The Graben zone is an example of this type of deposit, and other high-potential targets include Rainbow Ridge/Tough Hills, Sunset Wash, Lucky Boy, and others yet to be named generally within the areas referred to as the Central and Western Pediments. To date we have drilled and assayed 46 holes as part of the district wide exploration program.
In addition to the district exploration program, the Borealis property embraces numerous areas with potential for discovery of mineable gold deposits. The defined target areas can be grouped into categories based on our expectation for deposit expansion or potential for discovery. Our current emphasis is focused on targets which are the extensions of previously mined deposits, specifically within the previously disturbed areas the East Ridge-Gold View-Northeast Ridge mineralized trend, and around the margins of the Borealis, Freedom Flats, and Deep Ore Flats/Polaris deposits. Each has the potential to add to the material that can be developed as part of the initial mine plan. Our drilling program during 2005 and 2006 was completed primarily in areas where resources are known to exist. In addition to advancing existing resources to a higher level of confidence, this drilling program has further information gathering objectives for metallurgical assessment, waste characterization, and hydrological analyses that are required in support of our operating permit applications, environmental assessment, and engineering design. Results from drilling of heap leachable material will be incorporated into the feasibility study, should a feasibility study be completed.
Planned activities and expenditures include both field and compilation geology, geophysics, geochemistry, permitting and claim maintenance, road construction and drill-site preparation, reverse circulation (RC) and core drilling, drill-hole assaying, sampling protocol studies and assay quality control, preliminary metallurgical testing, and database management. We estimate that nearly 50% of the budget would be spent directly on drilling (mostly on RC drilling) with approximately 20% on geologists, 10% on assaying, and the remainder divided among the other items. The budget is expected to be sufficient to discover and delineate one or more deposits, but additional funding will be required for detailed development drilling and other development activities.
United States Mining Laws
Mining in the State of Nevada is subject to federal, state and local law. Three types of laws are of particular importance to the Borealis Property: those affecting land ownership and mining rights; those regulating mining operations; and those dealing with the environment.
The Borealis Property is situated on lands owned by the United States (Federal Lands). Borealis Mining, as the owner or lessee of the unpatented mining claims, has the right to conduct mining operations on the lands subject to the prior procurement of required operating permits and approvals, compliance with the terms and conditions of the mining lease, and compliance with applicable federal, state, and local laws, regulations and ordinances. On Federal Lands, mining rights are governed by the General Mining Law of 1872 as amended, 30 U.S.C. §§ 21-161 (various sections), which allows the location of mining claims on certain Federal Lands upon the discovery of a valuable mineral deposit and proper compliance with claim location requirements. A valid mining claim provides the holder with the right to conduct mining operations for the removal of locatable minerals, subject to compliance with the General Mining Law and Nevada state law governing the staking and registration of mining claims, as well as compliance with various federal, state and local operating and environmental laws, regulations and ordinances. Historically, the owner of an unpatented mining claim could, upon strict compliance with legal requirements, file a patent application to obtain full fee title to the surface and mineral rights within the claim; however, continuing Congressional moratoriums have precluded new mining claim patent applications since 1993.
36
The operation of mines is governed by both federal and state laws. Part of the Borealis Property is situated within the Toiyabe National Forest, and that part is administered by the U.S.
Forest Service. The rest of the Borealis Property is administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). In general, the federal laws that govern mining claim location and maintenance and mining operations on Federal Lands, including the Borealis Property, are administered by the BLM. The Forest Service is concerned with surface land use, disturbances and rights-of-way on Federal Lands that it manages. Additional federal laws, such as those governing the purchase, transport or storage of explosives, and those governing mine safety and health, also apply. Various permits or approvals from the BLM and other federal agencies will be needed before any mining operations on the Borealis Property can begin.The State of Nevada likewise requires various permits and approvals before mining operations can begin, although the state and federal regulatory agencies usually cooperate to minimize duplication of permitting efforts. Among other things, a detailed reclamation plan must be prepared and approved, with bonding in the amount of projected reclamation costs. The bond is used to ensure that proper reclamation takes place, and the bond will not be released until that time. The bond amount for a large mining operation is significant. Local jurisdictions (such as Mineral County) may also impose permitting requirements (such as conditional use permits or zoning approvals).
Mining activities on the Borealis Property are subject also to various environmental laws, both federal and state, including but not limited to the federal National Environmental Policy Act, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, the Resource Recovery and Conservation Act, the Clean Water Act, the Clean Air Act and the Endangered Species Act, and certain Nevada state laws governing the discharge of pollutants and the use and discharge of water. Various permits from federal and state agencies are required under many of these laws. See, "Permitting Requirements," below. Local laws and ordinances may also apply to such activities as waste disposal, road use and noise levels.
Permitting
Permit Acquisition and Fundamental Environmental Permitting Considerations
In 2004 we initiated a plan to obtain the required principal environmental operating permits in anticipation of a possible mine start-up.
A staged permit acquisition program is in progress. The first permitting stage, started in the fall of 2003, has been completed. Permits obtained at that time authorized exploration activities needed to prove the mineral resource, condemn the heap sites and support infrastructure, and obtain environmental baseline data to support the permitting packages. A second stage of application for exploration drilling permits was submitted in December 2004 and approval was obtained in May 2005. A Plan of Operations for a new mine was submitted in August 2004 to the U.S. Forest Service and Nevada State agencies and approval was received in the second quarter of 2006. A Water Pollution Control Permit application for the reopening and expansion of the mine was submitted to the Nevada Bureau of Mining Regulation and Reclamation in January 2005. Future exploration activities and mine expansion initiatives will be included in applications for subsequent approvals on a case-by-case and as-needed basis.
The approved Plan of Operation focuses on the approximately 460 acre area previously disturbed by mining operations. Deposits within this boundary, subject to permit applications generally, include the oxidized and partially oxidized portions of Borealis, Deep Ore Flats (also known as Polaris), East Ridge, Freedom Flats, and Northeast Ridge which are amenable to a conventional hydrometallurgical gold recovery process such as heap leaching. Also included in the Plan of Operations is the option for development of underground access to the Graben deposit to be used for exploration and future development activities, although no production plan has been submitted for consideration in this mineralized zone at this date. Crocodile Ridge, Middle Ridge, and other deposits within the study area boundaries of the Borealis Property will be added to the permit applications if warranted based on ongoing engineering and in-fill drilling results.
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Permitting Process Overview
The development, operation, closure and reclamation of mining projects in the United States require numerous notifications, permits, authorizations and public agency decisions. This section does not attempt to exhaustively identify all of the permits and authorizations that need to be gained, but instead focuses on those that are considered to be the main efforts that are on the critical path for possible project start-up.
Environmental Inventories
There are certain environmental evaluations that routinely must be completed in order to provide the information against which project impacts are measured. Both the U.S. Forest Service and the Nevada Bureau of Mining Regulation and Reclamation (BMRR) have requirements to profile existing conditions and to evaluate what effects will result from implementing the project plans on those mineral resources.
Background information on geology, air quality, soils, biology, water resources, social and economic conditions, and cultural resources were assembled for us and submitted to the appropriate regulatory agency.
Permitting Requirements
U.S. Forest Service Requirements
The Bridgeport Ranger District of the U.S. Forest Service is the lead agency regulating mining and reclamation activities at the Borealis Property. The permitting process with the U.S. Forest Service approved our Plan of Operations in the second quarter of 2006, pursuant to the requirements of 36 CFR Part 228, Subpart A. Our Plan of Operations was filed in August 2004 describing the project plans in a step-by-step process. The Plan of Operations describes the development of the deposits identified in the Technical Report and recognizes and anticipates the effects of market impacts such as reductions or increases in gold price, and describes the measures that will be taken to adjust for these changing conditions. The emphasis of the Plan of Operations is on defining the spatial and temporal aspects, as they will affect the land that is managed by the agency. The Plan of Operations also describes the plans to reclaim the site, and includes an estimate of the cost to accomplish that reclamation. This cost estimate is the first step toward establishing the reclamation surety for the site.
In order to satisfy the reclamation surety requirements of the U.S. Forest Service, we will consider obtaining an insurance policy for its benefit. This policy, if obtained on terms acceptable to us, would require us to pay into a "commutation" account of the insurer the agreed cost of the initial future reclamation work. The initial amount covered under the policy will be funded by a deposit into the "commutation" account, in an amount to be negotiated. The amount covered by the policy is expected to increase as reclamation costs increase due to expanded mining related disturbances. This additional policy coverage is expected to be funded from mining revenue once the mine is in operation. Once funded, the account will be available to pay for concurrent and final reclamation expenses as they are incurred. The policy is expected to provide us a mechanism to manage the overall cost of reclamation for a known cost for the entire life of mine and provide financial assurance required by the U.S. Forest Service. We would propose to acquire the policy once the plan of operations and associated reclamation plan are approved by the U.S. Forest Service.
The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requires that any decision made by a Federal agency must consider the environmental effects of that decision. The USFS will decide whether or not there is a decision to be made, and whether that decision is significant or not. If there is no decision to be made, as in the instance of Categorical Exclusions (CE), the project can proceed with notification only. CE's are allowed when surface disturbances are limited to less than one mile of new road building. If a decision must be made, an environmental impact evaluation is completed and from that analysis, a determination of whether the environmental impact is significant or not. If the determination is a "finding of no significant impact" (FONSI), then the agency is authorized to approve the plan based on the Environmental Assessment (EA) findings. If the decision is that the impacts are in fact significant, then an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is required to arrive at the final decision. There is a significantly increased time period for review and public comment for an EIS versus an EA. Approvals of Gryphon Gold's site exploration activities to date were authorized under a CE.
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The USFS Bridgeport Ranger District (District) determined that preparation of an Environmental Assessment (EA) was necessary to comply with the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). The USFS and wemutually agreed to have Knight Piesold and Co. (KPCO), a third-party NEPA contractor, prepare the EA. Comments from a variety of stakeholders have been solicited. These comments have been incorporated into a Modified Plan of Operations, which includes some changes from the initial Plan of Operations submitted to account for updated operating plans and required mitigation measures to better protect the environment.
At the completion of the NEPA process and decision, the reclamation surety must be posted with the USFS prior to any surface disturbance on site. The reclamation cost estimate provided in the Plan of Operations will be reviewed and refined by the agency and an acceptable amount agreed upon among the U.S. Forest Service, BMRR and us.
Nevada Division of Water Resources Requirements
Development of the Borealis Property will involve significant water demand in an arid region where the water basin has been over-appropriated and for which project water rights have been withdrawn. Successful mining and processing will require careful control of project water and efficient reclamation of project solutions back into the leaching process.
The Nevada Division of Water Resources (NDWR) is the responsible agency for granting water rights permits. The basin from which water rights could be appropriatedis the same basin that was the water supply for the mining activities at Borealis during the 1980's and early 1990's. Although this basin appears to be over allocated to various users, many of these rights go unused, so it may be possible to transfer existing appropriations to the project if necessary.
We believe that water rights granted to us by the NDWR are sufficient to conduct planned operations. A wellfield to perfect this water supply has not yet been tested or developed.
NDEP Bureau of Mining Regulation and Reclamation Requirements
The Nevada Division of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Mining Regulation and Reclamation (BMRR) regulates mining activities within the state including water pollution control and reclamation.
The heap leach and process solution ponds are presented in the water pollution control permit application that was filed in January 2004. The permit application package includes the engineering design report for the heap and ponds, certified by a Nevada registered professional engineer. In addition to the engineering report, operating plans describing the mineral processing circuit, fluid management plan, monitoring plans, emergency response plan, temporary closure plan and tentative permanent closure plan were presented. The Water Pollution Control Permit was issued on January 28, 2006.
BMRR also administers and enforces the requirements relating to the reclamation of land subject to mining or exploration projects.
A Reclamation Plan that contains the identical information as was contained in the Plan of Operations was submitted to the BMRR in August 2004. The Reclamation Plan was approved during the second quarter of 2006.
We will be required to post a reclamation bond from a financial institution or otherwise set aside a corresponding amount for the benefit of BMRR. We anticipate that BMRR will accept the reclamation bond we post for the benefit of the U.S. Forest Service.
Nevada Division of Environmental Protection Bureau of Air Quality Requirements
Prior to the commencement of construction activities, an air quality permit will be necessary. The Nevada Bureau of Air Quality (BAQ) regulations state that a process flow diagram must be generated to communicate the technical aspects of the process/activity and determine which class of permit will be required. We have prepared the required process flow diagram and submitted our permit application. On April 28, 2006 the Class II air quality permit was issued by BAQ.
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United States Regulatory Matters
General
All of our exploration activities in the United States are subject to regulation by governmental agencies under various mining and environmental laws. The nature and scope of regulation depends on a variety of factors, including the type of activities being conducted, the ownership status of land on which the operations are located, the nature of the resources affected, the states in which the operations are located, the delegation of federal air and water-pollution control and other programs to state agencies, and the structure and organization of state and local permitting agencies. We believe that we are in substantial compliance with all such applicable laws and regulations. While these laws and regulations govern how we conduct many aspects of our business, we do not believe that they will have a material adverse effect on our operations or financial condition. We evaluate our projects in light of the cost and impact of regulations on the proposed activity, and evaluate new laws and regulations as they develop to determine the impact on, and changes necessary to, our operations.
Generally, compliance with environmental and related laws and regulations requires us to obtain permits issued by regulatory agencies and to file various reports and keep records of our operations. Some permits require periodic renewal or review of their conditions and may be subject to a public review process during which opposition to our proposed operations may be encountered.
U.S. Federal and State Environmental Law
Our past and future activities in the United States may cause us to be subject to liability under various federal and state laws. Proposed mining activities on federal land trigger regulations promulgated by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and potentially other federal agencies, depending on the nature and scope of the impacts. For operations on federal public lands administered by the BLM that disturb more than five acres, an operator must submit a Plan of Operations to BLM. On USFS-administered lands, the USFS requires the submission of a notice for all mining operations, regardless of size, and a Plan of Operations if the USFS determines that there will be any "significant" disturbance of the surface.
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, as amended (CERCLA), imposes strict, joint, and several liability on parties associated with releases or threats of releases of hazardous substances. Liable parties include, among others, the current owners and operators of facilities at which hazardous substances were disposed or released into the environment and past owners and operators of properties who owned such properties at the time of such disposal or release. This liability could include response costs for removing or remediating the release and damages to natural resources. We are unaware of any reason why our undeveloped properties would currently give rise to any potential CERCLA liability. We cannot predict the likelihood of future CERCLA liability with respect to our properties or surrounding areas that have been affected by historic mining operations.
Under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and related state laws, mining companies may incur costs for generating, transporting, treating, storing, or disposing of hazardous or solid wastes associated with certain mining-related activities. RCRA costs may also include corrective action or clean up costs.
Mining operations may produce air emissions, including fugitive dust and other air pollutants, from stationary equipment, such as crushers and storage facilities, and from mobile sources such as trucks and heavy construction equipment. All of these sources are subject to review, monitoring, permitting, and/or control requirements under the federal Clean Air Act and related state air quality laws. Air quality permitting rules may impose limitations on our production levels or create additional capital expenditures in order to comply with the permitting conditions.
Under the federal Clean Water Act and delegated state water-quality programs, point-source discharges into "Waters of the State" are regulated by the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program. Section 404 of the Clean Water Act regulates the discharge of dredge and fill material into "Waters of the United States," including wetlands. Stormwater discharges also are regulated and permitted under that statute. All of those programs may impose permitting and other requirements on our operations.
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The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requires an assessment of the environmental impacts of "major" federal actions. The "federal action" requirement can be satisfied if the project involves federal land or if the federal government provides financing or permitting approvals. NEPA does not establish any substantive standards. It merely requires the analysis of any potential impact. The scope of the assessment process depends on the size of the project. An "Environmental Assessment" (EA) may be adequate for smaller projects. An Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), which is much more detailed and broader in scope than an EA, is required for larger projects. NEPA compliance requirements for any of our proposed projects could result in additional costs or delays.
The Endangered Species Act (ESA) is administered by the U.S. Department of Interior's U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The purpose of the ESA is to conserve and recover listed endangered and threatened species and their habitat. Under the ESA, "endangered" means that a species is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range. "Threatened" means that a species is likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future. Under the ESA, it is unlawful to "take" a listed species, which can include harassing or harming members of such species or significantly modifying their habitat. We conduct wildlife and plant inventories as required as part of the environmental assessment process prior to initiating exploration projects. We currently are unaware of any endangered species issues at any of our projects that would have a material adverse effect on our operations. Future identification of endangered species or habitat in our project areas may delay or adversely affect our operations.
We are committed to fulfilling our requirements under applicable environmental laws and regulations. These laws and regulations are continually changing and, as a general matter, are becoming more restrictive. Our policy is to conduct our business in a manner that safeguards public health and mitigates the environmental effects of our business activities. To comply with these laws and regulations, we have made, and in the future may be required to make, capital and operating expenditures.
U.S. Federal and State Reclamation Requirements
We are subject to land reclamation requirements under state and federal law, which generally are implemented through reclamation permits that apply to exploration activities. These requirements often mandate concurrent reclamation and require the posting of reclamation bonds or other financial assurance sufficient to guarantee the cost of reclamation. If reclamation obligations are not met, the designated agency could draw on these bonds and letters of credit to fund expenditures for reclamation requirements.
Reclamation requirements generally include stabilizing, contouring and re-vegetating disturbed lands, controlling drainage from portals and waste rock dumps, removing roads and structures, neutralizing or removing process solutions, monitoring groundwater at the mining site, and maintaining visual aesthetics. We believe that we currently are in substantial compliance with and are committed to maintaining all of our financial assurance and reclamation obligations pursuant to our permits and applicable laws.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Except as provided below, neither we nor any of our property, including the Borealis Property, are currently subject to any material legal proceedings or other regulatory proceedings, and to our knowledge no such proceedings are contemplated.
On September 16, 2005, our subsidiary, Borealis Mining Company, was named as a co-defendant in an ongoing civil action pending in the United States District Court for the District of Nevada, entitled United States v. Walker River Irrigation District (Court Doc. No. In Equity C-125, Subfile C-125-B). The action seeks to determine the existence and extent of water rights held by the federal government in the Walker River drainage area for use on federally reserved lands such as Indian reservations, National Forests, military reservations, and the like. The suit does not dispute nor seek to invalidate any existing water rights (including ours); rather, it seeks to determine the extent and priority of the federal government's water rights. On May 27, 2003, the Court stayed all proceedings to allow the United States, the State of Nevada, the State of California, the Walker River Paiute Tribe, the Walker River Irrigation District, Mono County, California, Lyon County, Nevada, Mineral County, Nevada and the Walker Lake Working Group to attempt to mediate a settlement. Borealis Mining Company was named as one of several hundred co-defendants in this action because it owns water rights within a portion of the Walker River drainage area in Nevada, which were granted under a permit on September 16, 2005. We, like most private water right owners, do
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not intend to participate in the merits of the lawsuit. We do not believe that this civil action, which will determine the extent and priority of federally reserved water rights in the area, will have any effect on our potential business operations as we currently have permits to access water from two sites for our Borealis Property, one of which is not subject to this action and either of which, individually, would provide a sufficient water supply for our potential operations.
On January 18, 2007, the Company was served with a motion to compel arbitration regarding the termination of its former Chief Operating Officer, Mr. Allen Gordon pursuant to his executive compensation agreement ('ECA'). Mr. Gordon claimed breach of contract under his ECA by failing to make severance payments of $228,511. A comprehensive settlement agreement was reached on April 19, 2007 that included a one time payment to Mr. Gordon of $75,000 and his resignation from the Board of Directors.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
NONE.
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Market Information
Our common stock is quoted on the Toronto Stock Exchange ("TSX"). Our common shares commenced trading on the TSX on December 22, 2005. Before trading on the TSX our stock was not publicly traded on any exchange. The high and low bid quotations of our common stock on the TSX were as follows:
Period | High | Low |
2007 | ||
April 1- June 19, 2007 (TSX) | Cdn$0.78 | Cdn$1.13 |
First Quarter (TSX) | Cdn$1.20 | Cdn.$0.75 |
2006 | ||
First Quarter (TSX) | Cdn$1.54 | Cdn$1.15 |
Second Quarter (TSX) | Cdn$2.33 | Cdn$1.16 |
Third Quarter (TSX) | Cdn$1.69 | Cdn$1.19 |
Fourth Quarter (TSX) | Cdn$1.43 | Cdn$0.72 |
2005 | ||
Fourth Quarter(1) (TSX) | Cdn$1.15 | Cdn$0.91 |
(1) Our shares were initially quoted for trading on December 22, 2005. There was no quote prior to December 22, 2005.
As of June 19, 2007 the closing bid quotation for our common stock was Cdn$0.84 per share as quoted by the TSX.
As of June 19, 2007, we had 47,491,395 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, held by approximately 1600 registered shareholders. In many cases, shares are registered through intermediaries, making the precise number of shareholders difficult to obtain.
Dividend Policy
We anticipate that we will retain any earnings to support operations and to finance the growth and development of our business. Therefore, we do not expect to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any further determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will be dependent on the financial condition, operating results, capital requirements and other factors that our board deems relevant. We have never declared a dividend.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Small Business Issuer and Affiliates
There were no purchases of our equity securities by us or any of our affiliates during the year ended March 31, 2007.
Equity Compensation Plans
Securities Authorized for Issuance
On March 29, 2005, our board of directors adopted a stock option plan which was approved by our shareholders on May 13, 2005. As of March 31, 2007 we had granted 3,000,000 stock options, of which 200,000 were forfeited and 107,500 were exercised, pursuant to the terms of our 2005 stock option plan with expiry dates to 2011. We may only issue up to 3,000,000 shares of common stock under the terms of the 2005 stock option plan.
On April 4, 2006 (amended July 24, 2006), the Board of Directors approved the 2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan, which increased the number of reserved shares of common stock for issuance to employees, officers, directors, consultants and advisors, from 3,000,000 to 7,000,000 shares. The 2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan authorizes the Company to grant 3,000,000 options and 1,000,000 restricted stock untis. As of March 31, 2007 we had granted 2,650,000 stock options pursuant to the terms of our omnibus incentive plan as described below with expiry dates to 2012, of which 110,000 were forfeited; 673,000 restricted stock units had been granted as of March 31, 2007 pursuant to the terms of our omnibus incentive plan. The 2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan was ratified by the shareholders at the company's annual general meeting on September 12, 2006, along with all options previously granted thereunder, pending such ratification.
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We have no equity compensation plans in place that have not been approved by our shareholders, but amendments and proposed plans will be presented to shareholders for approval at the annual general meeting. The table below shows securities issued under our equity compensation plans as of June 19, 2007.
|
Number of securities to be |
Weighted-average |
Number of securities |
|
issued upon exercise of |
exercise price of |
remaining available |
|
outstanding options, |
outstanding options, |
for future issuance |
|
warrants, and rights |
warrants, and rights |
under equity |
|
(a) |
(b) |
compensation plans |
|
|
|
(excluding securities |
|
|
|
reflected in column |
|
|
|
(a)) |
|
|
|
(c) |
Equity compensation plans approved by |
|
|
|
security holders(1) |
6,039,500 |
$0.91 |
703,000(2) |
|
|
|
|
Equity compensation plans not |
|
|
|
approved by security holders |
-- |
-- |
-- |
|
|
|
|
TOTAL |
|
|
|
(1) Consists of 2,742,500 outstanding options granted from the Stock Option Plan, 2,600,000 outstanding options granted from the Omnibus Incentive Plan, and 697,000 restricted stock units granted under the Omnibus Incentive Plan.
(2) Consists of 400,000 options and 303,000 restricted stock units remaining under the Omnibus Incentive Plan.
* Based on March 31, 2007 exchange rate of Cdn$ 1.1546 equals US$1
Omnibus Incentive Plan
The Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee, and has full and final authority with respect to the granting of options there under. Options may be granted under the Plan to such directors, officers, employees or consultants of Gryphon Gold and its subsidiaries as the Compensation Committee may from time to time designate (referred to as a "participant"). Each option will generally entitle a participant to purchase one share of common stock during the term of the option upon payment of the exercise price. The exercise price of any options granted under the Plan shall be determined by the Compensation Committee and may not be less than the market price of our common stock on the date of grant of the options (calculated in accordance with the rules of the Toronto Stock Exchange as the volume weighted average trading price for the five trading days preceding the date of grant). Gryphon Gold may provide financial assistance to eligible persons to purchase shares of common stock under the Plan, subject to applicable law and the rules and policies of any securities regulatory authority or stock exchange with jurisdiction over the Corporation or a trade in its securities. Any financial assistance so provided will be repayable with full recourse and the term of any such financing shall not exceed the term of the option to which the financing applies.
The term of any options granted shall be determined by the Compensation Committee at the time of the grant but the term of any options granted under the Plan shall not exceed ten years. If desired by the Compensation Committee, options granted under the Plan may be subject to vesting provisions. Options granted under the Plan are not transferable or assignable other than by will or otherwise by operation of law. In the event of death or disability of an option holder, options granted under the Plan expire one year from the death or disability of the option holder.
Certain restrictions contained in the Plan include:
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or shareholders who own more than 10% of our common stock) during any twelve month period may not exceed 10% of the common stock issued and outstanding on a non-diluted basis from time to time (unless approval of disinterested shareholders has been obtained in accordance with the rules of the Toronto Stock Exchange).
the number of shares of common stock which may be reserved for issuance in respect of options granted to insiders pursuant to the Plan (or any other employee-related plan or options for service) may not exceed 10% of the common stock issued and outstanding on a non-diluted basis from time to time unless approval of disinterested shareholders has been obtained in accordance with the rules of the Toronto Stock Exchange).
Gryphon Gold's board of directors may at any time terminate or amend the Plan in any respect, provided however, that the board may not, without the approval of the shareholders, amend the Plan or any option granted thereunder in any manner that requires shareholder approval under applicable law or the rules and policies of any stock exchange or quotation system upon which the common shares are listed or quoted.
Sale of Unregistered Securities
All sales of unregistered securities were previously reported in the Company's quarterly and current reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
ITEM 6. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including, but not limited to, those set forth under "Risk Factors and Uncertainties" and elsewhere in this prospectus.
Overview
In May 2005 we initiated a drilling program which is continuing. As of March 31, 2007, approximately 172 holes and 105,735 feet of RC drilling have been completed. A majority of the holes were in the area of existing mineralization in order to allow us to start a feasibility study with the aim of identifying gold reserves and, if economically feasible, building a mine.
We are currently performing exploration and drilling on the Borealis Property for the purpose of identifying additional potential gold resources. If we are able to identify additional potential resources we may prepare a feasibility study on the previously mined area of the Borealis Property to further delineate the gold mineralization available for the operation of a mine, to upgrade some or all of the mineralized material to proven and probable reserves, design the open pit mine, heap leach pads and gold recovery plant and to estimate the capital and operating costs of the proposed mining scenario. Metallurgical test work completed to date indicates the oxide material is amenable to conventional heap-leach recovery methods. If we complete a feasibility study and, if warranted have made a decision to begin development, we intend to develop our Borealis Property and place it into production, assuming adequate additional capital is available.
In December, 2005, we completed an underwritten initial public offering of 6,900,000 units for gross proceeds of Cdn$5.9 million. The units were sold at a price of Cdn$0.85 each and consisted of one common share and one Class A warrant. Each Class A warrant is exercisable until December 22, 2006 at a price of Cdn$1.15. The common shares are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol "GGN".
In March, 2006, we completed a private placement of 5,475,000 units for gross proceeds of Cdn$6.8 million. The units were sold at a price of Cdn$1.25 each and consisted of one common share and one-half of one Series B warrant. Each whole Series B warrant is exercisable until March 23, 2007 at a price of Cdn$1.65.
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On June 10, 2006, we completed private placements to an officer and employee of 129,000 units for gross proceeds of Cdn$174,150. The units were sold at a price of Cdn$1.35 each and consist of one common share and one-half of one purchase warrant. Each warrant is exercisable until June 10, 2007 at a price of Cdn$1.82.
On February 9, 2007 we completed a private placement of 5.0 million units at a price of Cdn$0.90 per unit for gross proceeds of Cdn$4.5 million. Each unit consisted of one common share and one full purchase warrant. The two year warrants are exercisable at a price of Cdn$1.10 if exercised within twelve months of the closing and at a price of Cdn$1.35 if exercised after the First Anniversary but prior to expiry. We paid qualified registered dealers a 7% cash commission in the amount of Cdn$77,175 and issued compensation options to acquire 85,050 common shares (at a price of Cdn$0.90 per share for a period of 12 months from closing) in respect of the 1.225 million units placed by them. The shares, warrants and underlying shares were not qualified by prospectus and have not been registered under U.S. securities laws and are subject to resale restrictions. The Company has granted registration rights to the investors in this private placement and will use commercially reasonable efforts to prepare and file with the SEC, within 120 days of closing, a registration statement under the Securities Act and to cause such statement to be declared effective. The proceeds of this offering will be applied to fund the continuation of our exploration and development program on the Borealis Property and for general working capital.
On June 26, 2006, we announced that the USDA Forest Service and the Nevada Bureau of Mining Regulation and Reclamation have both approved the Plan of Operations and Reclamation Plan, allowing Gryphon Gold to proceed with the development of a heap leach mine at the Borealis Gold Project. These approvals, combined with the previously approved operating permits from the State of Nevada, represent the key regulatory approvals required to place the Borealis gold mineralization into production.
In December 2006, we completed the geophysical survey, which commenced in September 2006. The positive geophysical results obtained from induced polarization (IP) surveys identified multiple chargeability and resisitivity anomalies coincident with aeromagnetic lows which extended several kilometers (km) to the north and northwest of the Graben sulphide deposit. The IP surveys identified two new mineralized exploration targets located under the pediments 3.0 km (Central Pediments) and 5.3 km (Western Pediment) northwest of the Graben sulphide deposit.
Currently we plan to continue extension drilling, focused on the expansion of the Graben deposit and exploration drilling for a new gold deposit within the two newly identified potentially gold-bearing hydrothermal systems in the pediments. This 72-hole, $4.5 million budgeted drilling program consists of a series of Graben deposit expansion drilling and extension drilling north of the successful G3 G13 fence of holes. The drilling of the Graben deposit will alternate with follow up exploration drilling in the Central and Western Pediments where 4 holes have intersected two distinct hydrothermal systems hidden beneath the pediments. The following activities are planned for the duration of fiscal 2008:
Discussion and Analysis
This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes. The discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations are based upon the consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires the company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of any contingent liabilities at the financial statement date and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis the company reviews its estimates and assumptions. The estimates were based on historical experience and other assumptions that the company believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results are likely to differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions, but the company does not believe such differences will materially affect our financial position or results of operations. Critical accounting policies, the policies the company believes are most important to the presentation of its financial statements and require the most difficult, subjective and complex judgments, are outlined below in "Critical Accounting Policies," and have not changed significantly.
46
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements is in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The following are critical accounting policies and estimates which we believe are important to understanding our financial results.
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions which affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the revenues and expenses for the period reported. By their nature, these estimates are subject to measurement uncertainty and the effect on the financial statements of changes in such estimates in future periods could be significant. Actual results will likely differ from these estimates.
Exploration of mineral property interests
We expense exploration costs as they are incurred. When we determine that a mining deposit can be economically and legally extracted or produced based on established proven and probable reserves, development costs incurred after such determination will be capitalized. The establishment of proven and probable reserves is based on results of final feasibility studies which indicate whether a property is economically feasible. Upon commencement of commercial production, we will transfer capitalized costs to the appropriate asset category and amortize them over their estimated useful lives and/or ounces produced, as appropriate. We capitalize the cost of acquiring mineral property interests (including claims establishment and maintenance) until we have determined the viability of the property. We expense capitalized acquisition costs if we determine that the property has no future economic value. We will also write down capitalized amounts if estimated future cash flows, including potential sales proceeds, related to the mineral property are estimated to be less than the carrying value of the property.
Stock-based compensation
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standard 123R, Share-Based Payment, ("SFAS 123 (R)") a revision to SFAS 123. SFAS 123(R) requires all share-based payments to be recognized in the financial statements based on their values using either a modified-prospective or modified-retrospective transition method.
Prior to March 31, 2006, the Company's stock-based employee compensation plans were accounted for under the recognition and measurement provisions of Accounting Principles Board Opinion ("APB") No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" ("APB 25") and related interpretations, as permitted by FASB Statement No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation" ("SFAS 123"). The Company did not recognize employee stock-based compensation costs in its statement of operations for the periods prior to March 31, 2006, as all options granted had an exercise price equal to the market value of the underlying common stock on the date of the grant.
Effective April 1, 2006, the Company adopted the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123(R), using the modified-prospective-transition method. The Company's total employees are relatively few in number and turnover is considered remote, therefore the Company currently estimates forfeitures to be 5.5%. Estimation of forfeitures will be reviewed on a quarterly basis.
Asset retirement obligations
The Company records the fair value of an asset retirement obligation as a liability in the period in which it incurs a legal obligation associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets that results from the acquisition, construction, development or normal use of the assets with a corresponding increase in the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. This amount is then depreciated over the estimated useful life of the asset. Over time, the liability is increased to reflect an interest element considered in its initial measurement at fair value. The amount of the liability will be subject to re-measurement at each reporting period. Currently, the Company has a reclamation liability of $5,600 which is disclosed further in Note 9 of the financial statements.
47
Tax valuation allowance
We have recorded a valuation allowance that fully reserves for our deferred tax assets because at this time we cannot establish that we will be able to utilize the tax loss carryforwards in the future. If in the future we determine that we will be able to use all or a portion of our deferred tax assets in the future, based on our projections of future taxable income, we will reduce the valuation allowance, thereby increasing income in that period.
Foreign currency translation
The United States dollar is our functional currency. Transactions involving foreign currencies for items included in operations are translated into U.S. dollars using average exchange rates; monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate prevailing at the balance sheet date and all other balance sheet items are translated at the historical rates applicable to the transactions that comprise those amounts. Translation gains and losses are included in our determination of net income.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The United States Securities and Exchange Commission recently announced that it would provide for a phased-in implementation process for FASB Statement No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment ("SFAS 123(R)"). Registrants must adopt SFAS 123(R)'s fair value method of accounting for share-based payments to employees no later than the beginning of the first annual period beginning after December 15, 2005. We adopted SFAS 123(R) effective April 1, 2006.
The Financial Accounting Standards Board ratified the consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force that stripping costs incurred during the production phase of a mine are variable production costs that should be included in the costs of the inventory produced during the period that the stripping costs are incurred. This consensus is effective for the first reporting period in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2005, with early adoption permitted. To date the Company has not incurred any stripping costs.
In June 2006, the FASB issued FASB interpretation No. 48 Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes ("FIN 48"). FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise's financial statements in accordance with FASB Statement No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes. FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in tax return. This Interpretation also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. This interpretation is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. The adoption of FIN 48 will not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS 157, Fair Value Measurements ("SFAS 157"). SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This Statement applies under other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements, the Board having previously concluded in those pronouncements that fair value is a relevant measurement attribute. Accordingly, this Statement does not require any new fair value measurements. However, the application of this Statement will change current practice, effective December 1, 2007. The adoption of SFAS 157 will not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
48
Results of Operations
We are in an exploration stage and currently have no producing mineral properties and thus we had no revenues during all reporting periods.
Year ended March 31, 2007 compared to year ended March 31, 2006
For the year ended March 31, 2006 we had a net loss of $8,737,141 or $0.21 per share compared to a net loss of $5,602,336 or $0.19 per share for the prior year, as spending on our exploration activities increased significantly, along with an increase in staffing levels and higher corporate administration costs.
Exploration expenses during the year ended March 31, 2007 were $4,819,692 or 55% of our total expenses compared to $3,657,010 or 65% of total expenses in the prior year. The increase in spending was related to continuation of permitting activities, exploration drilling program and completing the feasibility study on our Borealis property, which commenced May 2005 and was terminated in November 2006. During the year we drilled a total of 56 reverse circulation holes (totaling 54,530 feet) on the Borealis property, compared to 136 holes drilled during the prior year.
Management salaries and consulting fees for the year ended March 31, 2007 were $2,632,794 compared to $1,145,626 incurred in the prior year as staffing increased and the company adopted the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123(R), "Stock-Based Payment", which resulted in additional non-cash compensation expense of $1,268,422 to be recognized in the year. Salaries and consulting fees are expected to decrease in future periods as we have reduced staff due to postponing the development of our heap leach mine on the Borealis property. General and administrative expenses totaled $890,596, compared to $480,891 in the prior year. The increase is due to higher spending on investor relations, rent related to our Lakewood and Hawthorne offices, related office support and insurance. We incurred $96,964 in closing costs of our Lakewood, Colorado office, this amount was included in general and administrative expenses. Legal and audit fees for the period increased to $330,005 from $307,942 for the year ended March 31, 2006, this is mainly due to costs associated with being a public company that reports in both Canada and the United States and is therefore subject to additional reporting and compliance requirements. Travel and accommodation expense for the year ended March 31, 2007 was $325,024, compared to $154,887 for the prior year. The increase is due to greater corporate travel associated with investor relations and property site visits. Interest income earned on cash deposits was $322,725 for the year ended March 31, 2007, compared to $168,170 in the prior year due to higher cash balances held on average through the current year versus the prior year.
Year ended March 31, 2006 compared to year ended March 31, 2005
For the year ended March 31, 2006 we had a net loss of $5,602,336 million, or $0.19 per share, compared to a net loss of $2,525,420 million, or $0.17 per share, as spending on our exploration activities increased significantly. The current year period loss does not reflect the costs directly related to the completion of our initial public offering (IPO) in December 2005 and a private placement in March 2006, as those costs are treated as share issue costs and are offset directly against the proceeds of the offering.
Exploration expenses during the year ended March 31, 2006 were $3,657,010 or 65% of our total expenses compared to $1,009,173 or 40% of total expenses in the prior year. The increase in spending was all related to continuation of permitting activities and the drilling program and feasibility study on our Borealis property initiated in May 2005 and ongoing. During the year we drilled a total of 136 reverse circulation holes (totaling 60,830 feet) on the Borealis property, compared to 32 holes drilled during the prior year.
Management salaries and consulting fees were $1,145,626 compared to $1,059,871 expended in the prior fiscal year, as staffing increased. Legal and audit fees expensed increased to $307,942 from $217,457 spent in fiscal 2005, the increase in costs reflecting activity related to exploring financing alternatives and changing our reporting to US generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) from Canadian GAAP. Our travel and accommodation expenses were $154,887, up from $125,950 spent in the prior year, the increase is due to higher staffing and travel related to financing activities prior to the IPO and also more frequent travel to the Borealis property. Travel costs directly related to the IPO were recorded as part of share issue costs in stockholders' equity. General and administrative expenses for the year were $480,891 up from $116,219 in the prior year. The increase was due to higher spending on investor relations, rent with the establishment of our Lakewood office in September, office support, insurance and telephone. Interest income earned on cash deposits was $168,170 compared to $9,646 in the prior year due to significantly higher cash balances in 2006 and the use of interest bearing bank accounts for a full year in 2006 compared to only part of the year in 2005.
49
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal source of liquidity is cash that is raised by way of sale of common shares from treasury. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 total cash of $3,932,234 was raised from the sale of stock in private placements. A further $1,550,553 was raised through the exercise of warrants to common shares of the company.
At March 31, 2007, we had working capital of $6,525,160, and we had current assets consisting of $7,150,154 in cash, $65,483 in accounts receivable and $129,065 in prepaid expenses. We had $819,542 in current liabilities at March 31, 2007, consisting of $786,565 in accounts payable and accrued liabilities and $32,977 in current portion of capital leases. Currently, we do have sufficient working capital for the completion of our currently announced (January 17, 2007) drilling program and to continue with our operations for the next twelve months.
On February 9, 2007, we closed the private placement of 5,000,000 units for sale at Cdn$0.90 to a limited number of accredited investors in Canada and the United States. Each unit consisted of one common share and one Series E purchase warrant. The Series E warrants are exercisable until February 8, 2008 at a price of Cdn$1.10 (first anniversary) and from February 9, 2008 until February 8, 2009 at a price of Cdn$1.35. The private offering raised gross proceeds of Cdn$4.5 million. We paid qualified registered dealers a 7% cash commission and issued compensation Series F warrants to acquire 85,050 common shares at price of Cdn$0.90 until February 9, 2008 on a portion of the private placement. The shares, warrants and underlying shares were not qualified by prospectus and have not been registered under U.S. securities laws and are subject to resale restrictions. The Company has granted registration rights to the investors in this private placement and will use commercially reasonable efforts to prepare and file with the SEC, within 120 days of closing, a registration statement under the Securities Act and to cause such statement to be declared effective. The proceeds of this offering will be applied to fund the continuation of our exploration program on the Borealis Property.
On March 15, 2007, we entered into a Advisory Services Agreement with Roman Friedrich & Company Ltd. (RFC) Under the terms of the Advisory Services Agreement, commencing March 15, 2007, in exchange for RFC's financial advisory services, we agreed to compensate RFC by paying a retainer fee of Cdn$7,500 per month and issuing 7,500 common shares per month, payable on a quarterly basis commencing June 2007. As of June 15, 2007, 15,000 shares are issuable to RFC.
Summary of any product research and development that the company will perform for the term of the plan
The Company does not anticipate performing any product research and development under its plan of operation.
Expected purchase or sale of plant and significant equipment
The Company is reviewing alternatives for purchase of mine equipment if the development of a mine on the Borealis property is warranted by a feasibility study and additional financing is obtained.
Significant changes in number of employees
We started the year with eleven employees but due to closing the Lakewood, Colorado office this number decreased to eight in late 2006. We currently have ten employees, two of which started in April 2007. We do not expect a significant change in this number.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.
Contractual Obligations
We make advance royalty payments of $9,094 per month to certain lease holders while exploration is proceeding on the Borealis Property. Also, to maintain its existing claims, we make payments totaling approximately $130,000 annually. These payments are contingent upon us maintaining an interest in the property.
50
As of March 31, 2007, we had the following non-cancelable contractual obligations:
Payments Due by Period (3) |
|||||
Less than 1 | More than 5 | ||||
Total | year | 2-3 Years | 4-5 Years | Years | |
Capital Lease obligations (1) | $54,010 | $36,219 | $17,791 | $0 | $0 |
Operating Lease Obligation (2) | 49,624 | 35,029 | 14,595 | 0 | 0 |
Total | $103,634 | $71,248 | $32,386 | $0 | $0 |
(1)
The capitalized leases is for the purchase of two trucks.Certain information contained in this "Management Discussion and Analysis" constitutes forward looking information and actual results could differ from estimates, expectations or beliefs contained in such statements.
51
ITEM 7. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Consolidated Financial Statements
Gryphon Gold Corporation
(an exploration stage company)
March 31, 2007 and 2006
(Stated in U.S. dollars)
52
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders of
Gryphon Gold Corporation
(an exploration stage company)
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Gryphon Gold Corporation (an exploration stage company) as of March 31, 2007 and 2006 and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three year period ended March 31, 2007 and for the period from April 24, 2003 (inception) to March 31, 2007. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Gryphon Gold Corporation (an exploration stage company) at March 31, 2007 and 2006, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three year period ended March 31 2007 and for the period from April 24, 2003 (inception) to March 31, 2007, in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles.
Vancouver, Canada, | /s/ Ernst & Young LLP |
May 30, 2007. | Chartered Accountants |
53
Gryphon Gold Corporation
(an exploration stage company)
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Stated in U.S. dollars)
As at March 31 | ||
2007 $ |
2006 $ |
|
ASSETS |
||
Current |
||
Cash |
7,150,154 |
9,390,925 |
Accounts receivable |
65,483 |
81,250 |
Prepaid expenses |
129,065 |
110,090 |
Total current assets |
7,344,702 |
9,582,265 |
Reclamation deposit [note 9] |
134,759 |
59,800 |
Equipment [note 3] |
153,362 |
152,946 |
Mineral property costs [note 4] |
1,920,371 |
1,898,207 |
9,553,194 |
11,693,218 |
|
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |
||
Current |
||
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |
786,565 |
1,197,823 |
Current portion of capital lease [note 11] |
32,977 |
10,058 |
Total current liabilities |
819,542 |
1,207,881 |
Capital lease [note 11] |
17,308 |
19,324 |
Commitments and contingencies [note 10] |
||
Stockholders' equity |
||
Common stock |
47,298 |
40,295 |
Additional paid-in capital |
26,649,868 |
19,669,399 |
Deficit accumulated during the exploration stage |
(17,980,822) |
(9,243,681) |
Total stockholders' equity |
8,716,344 |
10,466,013 |
9,553,194 |
11,693,218 |
See accompanying notes
On behalf of the Board:
/s/ Albert J. Matter | /s/ Anthony (Tony) D.J. Ker |
Director | Director |
54
Gryphon Gold Corporation
(an exploration stage company)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Stated in U.S. dollars)
Year ended |
Year ended |
Period from |
|
EXPENSES |
|||
Exploration [note 5] |
4,819,692 |
3,657,010 |
9,928,107 |
Management salaries and consulting fees [note 7] |
2,632,794 |
1,145,626 |
5,243,152 |
General and administrative |
890,596 |
480,891 |
1,574,528 |
Legal and audit |
330,005 |
307,942 |
960,487 |
Travel and accommodation |
325,024 |
154,887 |
689,570 |
Depreciation |
53,368 |
22,918 |
85,430 |
Loss on disposal of equipment |
19,722 |
|
19,722 |
Foreign exchange (gain) loss |
(11,335) |
1,232 |
(17,813) |
Interest income |
(322,725) |
(168,170) |
(502,361) |
Net and comprehensive loss for the period |
(8,737,141) |
(5,602,336) |
(17,980,822) |
Basic and diluted loss per share |
(0.21) |
(0.19) |
|
Basic and diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding |
41,242,535 |
29,350,317 |
See accompanying notes
55
Gryphon Gold Corporation
(an exploration stage company)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Stated in U.S. dollars)
|
Common Stock |
Additional |
Deficit |
Total |
Shares |
Amount |
|
|
||
# |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
|
Balance, inception April 24, 2003 |
|
|
|
|
|
Shares issued: |
|||||
For private placements |
21,691,962 |
21,692 |
7,002,883 |
|
7,024,575 |
Share issue costs |
|
|
(156,015) |
|
(156,015) |
Compensation component of shares issued [note 7] |
|
|
226,000 |
|
226,000 |
Fair value of agent's warrants issued [note 6[b]] |
|
|
45,100 |
|
45,100 |
Fair value of options granted to a consultant [note 6[c]] |
|
|
34,300 |
|
34,300 |
Net loss from inception |
|
|
|
(3,641,345) |
(3,641,345) |
Balance, March 31, 2005 |
21,691,962 |
21,692 |
7,152,268 |
(3,641,345) |
3,532,615 |
Shares issued: |
|||||
For private placements |
11,505,408 |
11,505 |
9,762,424 |
|
9,773,929 |
Share issue costs |
|
|
(489,013) |
|
(489,013) |
Initial Public Offering (IPO) |
6,900,000 |
6,900 |
5,029,597 |
|
5,036,497 |
Share issue costs (IPO) |
|
|
(2,241,940) |
|
(2,241,940) |
Fair value of agents' warrants issued on private placements [note 6[b]] |
|
|
111,640 |
|
111,640 |
Fair value of underwriters' compensation warrants on IPO [note 6[b]] |
|
|
135,100 |
|
135,100 |
Exercise of warrants |
197,500 |
198 |
194,085 |
|
194,283 |
Fair value of options granted to consultants [note 6[c]] |
|
|
15,258 |
|
15,258 |
Net loss for the period |
|
|
|
(5,602,336) |
(5,602,336) |
Balance, March 31, 2006 |
40,294,870 |
40,295 |
19,669,399 |
(9,243,681) |
10,466,013 |
Shares issued: |
|||||
For private placements |
5,129,000 |
5,129 |
3,966,518 |
|
3,971,647 |
Share issue costs |
|
|
(95,505) |
|
(95,505) |
Fair value of agents' warrants issued on private placements [note 6[a][b]] |
11,397 |
11,397 |
|||
Fair value of options granted [note 6[c]] |
|
|
1,314,961 |
|
1,314,961 |
Fair value of stock granted [note 6[d]] |
108,000 |
108 |
151,138 |
|
151,246 |
Exercise of warrants |
1,658,275 |
1,658 |
1,548,894 |
|
1,550,552 |
Exercise of options |
107,500 |
108 |
83,066 |
|
83,174 |
Net loss for the period |
|
|
|
(8,737,141) |
(8,737,141) |
Balance, March 31, 2007 |
47,297,645 |
47,298 |
26,649,868 |
(17,980,822) |
8,716,344 |
See accompanying notes
56
Gryphon Gold Corporation
(an exploration stage company)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Stated in U.S. dollars)
|
Year ended |
Year ended |
Period from |
|
|
|
|
OPERATING ACTIVITIES |
|
|
|
Net loss for the period |
(8,737,141) |
(5,602,336) |
(17,980,822) |
Items not involving cash: |
|
|
|
Depreciation |
53,368 |
22,918 |
85,430 |
Loss on disposal of equipment |
19,722 |
|
19,722 |
Compensation, shares and fair value of options issued for consulting fees |
1,466,207 |
15,258 |
1,820,140 |
Changes in non-cash working capital items: |
|
|
|
Amounts receivable |
15,767 |
(72,515) |
(65,483) |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |
(411,258) |
744,630 |
786,565 |
Prepaid expenses |
(18,975) |
(82,475) |
(129,065) |
Cash used in operating activities |
(7,612,310) |
(4,974,520) |
(15,463,513) |
|
|
|
|
INVESTING ACTIVITIES |
|
|
|
Reclamation deposit |
(74,959) |
(28,400) |
(134,759) |
Purchase of equipment |
(38,642) |
(123,546) |
(194,268) |
Proceeds from sale of equipment |
3,950 |
|
3,950 |
Mineral property expenditures |
(22,164) |
(1,122,881) |
(1,920,371) |
Cash used in investing activities |
(131,815) |
(1,274,827) |
(2,245,448) |
|
|
|
|
FINANCING ACTIVITIES |
|
|
|
Capital lease payments |
(17,911) |
|
(17,911) |
Cash received for shares issued |
5,605,373 |
15,004,689 |
27,167,137 |
Share issue costs |
(84,108) |
(2,484,213) |
(2,679,236) |
Subscription receivables collected |
|
54,360 |
389,125 |
Cash provided by financing activities |
5,503,354 |
12,574,836 |
24,859,115 |
|
|
|
|
Increase in cash during the period |
(2,240,771) |
6,325,489 |
7,150,154 |
Cash, beginning of period |
9,390,925 |
3,065,436 |
|
Cash, end of period |
7,150,154 |
9,390,925 |
7,150,154 |
See accompanying notes
57
1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND CONTINUANCE OF OPERATIONS
Gryphon Gold Corporation and its subsidiary, Borealis Mining Company (collectively, "the Company"), were incorporated in the State of Nevada in 2003. The Company is an exploration stage company in the process of exploring its mineral properties, and has not yet determined whether these properties contain reserves that are economically recoverable.
The recoverability of amounts shown for mineral property interests in the Company's consolidated balance sheets are dependent upon the existence of economically recoverable reserves, the ability of the Company to arrange appropriate financing to complete the development of its properties, the receipt of necessary permitting and upon achieving future profitable production or receiving proceeds from the disposition of the properties. The timing of such events occurring, if at all, is not yet determinable.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of presentation
These consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of any contingent assets and liabilities as at the date of the consolidated financial statements as well as the reported amounts of expenses incurred during the period. Significant areas requiring the use of management estimates include the determination of potential impairments of asset values, the calculation of fair values of options and warrants, and rates for depreciation of equipment. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Financial instruments
The Company's financial instruments consist of current assets and current liabilities, the fair value of which approximate their carrying values due to their short-term nature. Financial risk is the risk arising from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company does not use any derivative or hedging instruments to reduce its exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates or metal prices.
58
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont'd.)
Mineral property acquisition costs
The costs of acquiring mineral properties are capitalized and will be amortized over their estimated useful lives following the commencement of production or expensed if it is determined that the mineral property has no future economic value or the properties are sold or abandoned.
Cost includes cash consideration and the fair market value of shares issued on the acquisition of mineral properties. Properties acquired under option agreements, whereby payments are made at the sole discretion of the Company, are recorded in the accounts at such time as the payments are made.
The recoverable amounts for mineral properties is dependent upon the existence of economically recoverable reserves; the acquisition and maintenance of appropriate permits, licenses and rights; the ability of the Company to obtain financing to complete the exploration and development of the properties; and upon future profitable production or alternatively upon the Company's ability to recover its spent costs from the sale of its interests. The amounts recorded as mineral properties reflect actual costs incurred and are not intended to express present or future values.
The capitalized amounts may be written down if potential future cash flows, including potential sales proceeds, related to the property are estimated to be less than the carrying value of the property. Management of the Company reviews the carrying value of each mineral property interest quarterly, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Reductions in the carrying value of each property would be recorded to the extent the carrying value of the investment exceeds the estimated future net cash flows.
Exploration and development costs
Exploration costs are expensed as incurred. When it is determined that a mining deposit can be economically and legally extracted or produced based on established proven and probable reserves, further exploration costs and development costs incurred after such determination will be capitalized. The establishment of proven and probable reserves is based on results of final feasibility studies which indicate whether a property is economically feasible. Upon commencement of commercial production, capitalized costs will be transferred to the appropriate asset category and amortized over their estimated useful lives. Capitalized costs, net of salvage values, relating to a deposit which is abandoned or considered uneconomic for the foreseeable future, will be written off.
Foreign currency translation
The U.S. dollar is the functional currency of the Company. Transactions involving foreign currencies for items included in operations are translated into U.S. dollars using the monthly average exchange rate; monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate prevailing at the balance sheet date and all other balance sheet items are translated at the historical rates applicable to the transactions that comprise the amounts. Translation gains and losses are included in the determination of net income.
59
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont'd.)
Equipment
Equipment is recorded at cost and is comprised of office furniture, trucks, computers and lab equipment. The trucks are being amortized on a straight line basis over 2 years; other equipment is being amortized on a straight line basis over 5 years.
Income taxes
Income taxes are accounted for using the liability method of tax allocation. Under this method deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the tax consequences of temporary differences by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities.
The effect on deferred taxes for a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment. In addition, deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent their realization is more likely than not.
Stock-based compensation
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standard ("SFAS") 123R, "Share-Based Payment", ("SFAS 123 (R)") a revision to SFAS 123. SFAS 123(R) requires all share-based payments to be recognized in the financial statements based on their values using either a modified-prospective or modified-retrospective transition method.
Prior to March 31, 2006, the Company's stock-based employee compensation plans were accounted for under the recognition and measurement provisions of Accounting Principles Board Opinion ("APB") No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" ("APB 25") and related interpretations, as permitted by FASB Statement No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation" ("SFAS 123"). The Company did not recognize employee stock-based compensation costs in its statement of operations for the periods prior to March 31, 2006 as all options granted had an exercise price equal to the market value of the underlying common stock on the date of the grant.
Effective April 1, 2006, the Company adopted the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123(R), using the modified-prospective-transition method. The Company's total employees are relatively few in number and turnover is considered remote, therefore the Company currently estimates forfeitures to be 5.5%. Estimation of forfeitures is reviewed on a quarterly basis. As a result of adopting FAS 123(R), the net loss for the year ended March 31, 2007 increased by $1,268,422 comparatively unrecognized expense for the prior year would have been $86,045. Both basic and diluted loss per share for the year ended March 31, 2007 increased by $0.03.
60
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont'd.)
Loss per share
Loss per common share is determined based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted loss per share is calculated by the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method, the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the calculation of diluted earnings per share assumes that the proceeds to be received on the exercise of dilutive stock options and warrants are applied to repurchase common shares at the average market price for the period. Stock options and warrants are dilutive when the Company has income from continuing operations and when the average market price of the common shares during the period exceeds the exercise price of the options and warrants.
Asset retirement obligations
The Company records the fair value of an asset retirement obligation as a liability in the period in which it incurs a legal obligation associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets that results from the acquisition, construction, development or normal use of the assets with a corresponding increase in the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. This amount is then depreciated over the estimated useful life of the asset. Over time, the liability is increased to reflect an interest element considered in its initial measurement at fair value. The amount of the liability will be subject to re-measurement at each reporting period. Currently, the Company has a reclamation liability of $5,600 which is disclosed further in Note 9.
Recent accounting pronouncements
In June 2006, the FASB issued FASB interpretation No. 48 Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes ("FIN 48"). FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise's financial statements in accordance with FASB Statement No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes. FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in tax return. This Interpretation also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. This interpretation is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. The adoption of FIN 48 will not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS 157, Fair Value Measurements ("SFAS 157"). SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This Statement applies under other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements, the Board having previously concluded in those pronouncements that fair value is a relevant measurement attribute. Accordingly, this Statement does not require any new fair value measurements. However, the application of this Statement will change current practice, effective December 1, 2007. The adoption of SFAS 157 will not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
61
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont'd.)
Reclassification
Certain comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
3. EQUIPMENT
|
March 31, 2007 | |||
|
Accumulated | |||
|
Cost | Depreciation | Net Book Value | |
|
$ | $ | $ | |
|
||||
|
Office and lab equipment | 151,857 | 46,601 | 105,256 |
|
Trucks under capital lease | 71,319 | 23,213 | 48,106 |
|
Total | 223,176 | 69,814 | 153,362 |
|
||||
|
March 31, 2006 | |||
|
Accumulated | |||
|
Cost | Depreciation | Net Book Value | |
|
$ | $ | $ | |
|
||||
|
Office and lab equipment | 152,504 | 27,974 | 124,530 |
|
Truck under capital lease | 32,504 | 4,088 | 28,416 |
|
Total | 185,008 | 32,062 | 152,946 |
4. MINERAL PROPERTY
The Company initially entered into a property option agreement dated July 21, 2003 to acquire up to a 70% interest in the Borealis property in Nevada, USA from Golden Phoenix Minerals, Inc. for cash consideration of $125,000 and the obligation to make qualifying expenditures over several years. On January 28, 2005, the Company purchased outright the rights to a full 100% interest in the property for $1,400,000. A cash payment of $400,000 was made on closing and the Company accrued the outstanding liability of $1,000,000. This amount was paid in four quarterly payments of $250,000 over the following 12 months.
|
Total | |
|
$ | |
|
||
|
Mineral property costs, March 31, 2004 | 199,753 |
|
Expenditures during the year | 1,575,573 |
|
Mineral property costs, March 31, 2005 | 1,775,326 |
|
Expenditures during the year | 122,881 |
|
Mineral property costs, March 31, 2006 | 1,898,207 |
|
Expenditures during the year | 22,164 |
|
Mineral property costs, March 31, 2007 | 1,920,371 |
62
5. EXPLORATION
|
Year ended |
Year ended |
Period from |
|
|
NEVADA, USA |
|
|
|
|
Borealis property |
|
|
|
|
Exploration: |
|
|
|
|
Drilling |
2,623,795 |
1,835,650 |
4,593,938 |
|
Property maintenance |
668,260 |
660,722 |
1,968,971 |
|
Geologic and assay |
657,976 |
414,595 |
1,223,939 |
|
Project management |
535,975 |
260,057 |
1,144,201 |
|
Engineering |
295,792 |
304,774 |
743,340 |
|
Metallurgy |
37,894 |
181,212 |
253,718 |
|
Total exploration |
4,819,692 |
3,657,010 |
9,928,107 |
6. CAPITAL STOCK
a]
Authorized capital stock consists of 150,000,000 common shares with a par value of $0.001 per share and 15,000,000 preferred shares with a par value of $0.001 per share.
On April 4, 2006, the Board of Directors approved, reserving 1,000,000 common shares to be granted as Restricted Stock Units. On July 24, 2006 the plan name was revised to the 2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan.
During the quarter ended June 30, 2006, the Company completed private placements to an officer and an employee of 129,000 units at Cdn$1.35, with each unit comprising of one common share and ½ of one common share 'series D' warrant. Each whole warrant entitles the holder to purchase a common share at a price of Cdn$1.82 per share until June 10, 2007. Share issuance costs totaled $3,533 and the Company recorded compensation expense of $7,740 in relation to the discount received by the participants of the private placement.
On February 9, 2007 the Company completed a private placement of 5,000,000 units at Cdn$0.90, each unit comprising of one common share and one series E warrant. Each series E warrant entitles the holder to purchase a common share at a price of Cdn$1.10 per share in year one and Cdn$1.35 per share in year two until February 9, 2009. The Company also issued 85,050 compensation warrants with a fair value of $11,397 (Series F warrants) to agents and are exercisable until February 9, 2008 at a price of Cdn$0.90 per share. Share issuance costs in addition to the broker warrant valuation was $80,575. The Company has a right to force warrant holders to exercise warrants if the common share price of the Company remains equal to or greater than Cdn$1.85 per common share for a period of twenty consecutive days.
63
6. CAPITAL STOCK (cont'd.)
b]
Warrants:
The following table contains information with respect to all warrants:
|
Number of Warrants |
Fair Value of Agents' and |
|
|
# |
$ |
|
|
Warrants outstanding, March 31, 2004 |
|
|
|
Issued for: |
||
|
Private placements |
3,407,981 |
|
|
Agent's compensation |
141,008 |
45,100 |
|
Exercised |
|
|
|
Warrants outstanding, March 31, 2005 |
3,548,989 |
45,100 |
|
Issued for: |
||
|
Private placements |
3,015,204 |
|
|
Agent's compensation on private placement |
130,000 |
35,100 |
|
Initial Public Offering (IPO) Series A |
6,900,000 |
|
|
Underwriters' compensation on IPO |
690,000 |
135,100 |
|
Private placements Series B |
2,737,500 |
|
|
Agents' compensation on private placement - Series C |
280,500 |
76,540 |
|
Exercised |
(197,500) |
|
|
Warrants outstanding, March 31, 2006 |
17,104,693 |
291,840 |
|
Issued for: |
||
|
Private placements Series D |
64,500 |
|
|
Private Placements Series E |
5,000,000 |
|
|
Agent's compensation on private placement Series F |
85,050 |
11,397 |
|
Exercised |
(1,658,275) |
|
|
Expired |
(15,175,410) |
|
|
Warrants outstanding, March 31, 2007 |
5,420,558 |
303,237 |
64
6. CAPITAL STOCK (cont'd.)
The following table summarizes information about warrants outstanding and
exercisable as at March 31, 2007:
|
Warrants Outstanding and Exercisable | |||
|
||||
|
Average Remaining Life | |||
|
Warrants | Years | Exercise Price | Expiry date |
|
# | # | ||
|
||||
|
130,000 | 0.1 | $0.65 | April 1, 2007 |
|
64,500 | 0.2 | Cdn$1.82 | June 10, 2007 |
|
141,008 | 0.8 | $0.65 | January 28, 2008 |
|
85,050 | 0.9 | Cdn$0.90 | February 9, 2008 |
|
5,000,000 | 1.9 | Cdn$1.10* | February 9, 2009 |
|
5,420,558 | 1.8 | $0.96** |
*The warrants are exercisable through February 8, 2008 at Cdn$1.10 and exercisable at Cdn$1.35 per unit thereafter.
** Based on the March 31, 2007 exchange rate of Cdn$1.1546 equals US$1.
The fair value of agents' and underwriters' warrants issued during 2007 and 2006 has been estimated using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model based on the following assumptions respectively: a risk-free interest rate of 3.38% to 5.21% as of the date of transaction; expected life of 1 to 3 years depending on their terms; an expected volatility of 53% to 70% (based on the average volatility of companies in the industry at date of issuance for period equivalent to the expected life); and no expectation for the payment of dividends.
c]
Stock options:
In August 2005, two newly appointed directors were granted 300,000 options which vest over the following 18 months and are exercisable for 5 years at a price of $0.75 per share.
In September 2005, a newly appointed officer was granted 100,000 options which vest over the following 24 months and are exercisable for 5 years at a price equal to the initial public offering price of units of Cdn$0.85 per share.
In November 2005, two employees were granted 95,000 options and a consultant was granted 20,000 options. These options vest over 18 to 24 months and are exercisable for 5 years at a price equal to the initial public offering price of units of Cdn$0.85 per share.
65
6. CAPITAL STOCK (cont'd.)
During the quarter ended March 31, 2006, the Company granted a total of 420,000 stock options, 245,000 to four employees exercisable at prices between Cdn$1.15 - Cdn$1.37 and 175,000 to three consultants exercisable at prices between Cdn$1.25 Cdn$1.37. These options vest over 14 to 24 months and are exercisable for 5 years from the date of the grant.
On April 4, 2006 (amended July 24, 2006), the Board of Directors approved the 2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan, which increased the number of reserved shares of common stock for issuance to employees, officers, directors, consultants and advisors, from 3,000,000 to 7,000,000 shares. Within the increased number of shares reserved the 2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan allowed 1,000,000 shares to be granted as restricted stock units. On April 4, 2006, 1,570,000 options were granted to directors, officers and a consultant, of which 1,475,000 have been granted under the 2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan and vest on anniversary date of the grant, 95,000 options were granted under the previous incentive plan and vest over 24 months. On vesting, the options granted are exercisable for 5 years at a price of Cdn$1.37 per share.
On April 18, 2006, the Board of Directors approved the grant of 290,000 stock options to an officer, employee and a consultant. The options vest over 12 to 30 months and are exercisable, once vested, for 5 years at a price of Cdn$1.37 per share.
On May 26, 2006, the Board of Directors approved the grant of 30,000 stock options to an outside consulting firm who will be providing certain investor relations services to the company. The options vest over the next 24 months and are exercisable for 5 years from the date of grant at a price of Cdn$1.60 per share.
On July 24, 2006, the Board of Directors approved the grant of 80,000 stock options to two outside consulting firms who will be providing certain investor relations and consulting services to the company. The options vest within 12 months and are exercisable for 5 years from the date of grant at a price of Cdn$1.29 per share.
The 2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan was ratified by the shareholders at the company's annual general meeting on September 12, 2006, along with all options previously granted that were pending such ratification.
On September 25, 2006, the Board of Directors approved the grant of 40,000 stock options to an employee of the Company. The options vest over 4 to 24 months and are exercisable for 5 years at a price of Cdn$1.37 per share.
On October 31, 2006, the Company granted of 50,000 stock options to an outside consulting firm who are providing certain investor relations services to the company. The options vest over the next 15 months and are exercisable for 5 years from the date of grant at a price of Cdn$1.34 per share.
On January 10, 2007, the Company granted three employees a total of 190,000 options and 50,000 options to a consultant. These options vest over a period of 12 months with 50% vesting immediately and the balance in 12 months and are exercisable for 5 years at a price of Cdn$0.81 per share.
66
6. CAPITAL STOCK (cont'd.)
On January 28, 2007, the Company granted 20,000 options to a consultant which are exercisable for 5 years. The options vest within 12 months and are exercisable at a price of Cdn$0.88 per share.
On February 26, 2007, the Company granted 425,000 options to certain officers of the Company. These options vest over a period of 12 months with 50% vesting immediately and the balance in 12 months and are exercisable for 5 years at a price of Cdn$0.80 per share.
The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense over the requisite service period of the individual grants, which generally equals the vesting period. SFAS 123(R) requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Stock-based compensation is expensed on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.
For the years ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, the Company recorded total stock-based compensation expense related to stock options and restricted stock units as follows:
|
Year Ended |
Year Ended |
|
|
Management salaries |
1,343,164 |
|
|
Consulting fees |
123,043 |
15,258 |
|
Total stock-based compensation |
1,466,207 |
15,258 |
Stock option activity
The following table summarizes the Company's stock option activity for the years ended March 31, 2007 and 2006:
|
Year Ended March 31, 2007 |
Weighted |
Year Ended March 31, 2006 |
Weighted |
|
Outstanding at April 1, 2006 |
2,879,000 |
$0.77 |
2,000,000 |
$0.75 |
|
|
Granted |
2,745,000 |
$1.06 |
935,000 |
$0.84 |
|
Exercised |
(107,500) |
$0.77 |
|
|
|
Forfeited |
(234,000) |
$1.11 |
(56,000) |
$1.07 |
|
Outstanding at March 31, 2007 |
5,282,500 |
$0.91 |
2,879,000 |
$0.77 |
|
Vested and exercisable at March 31, 2007 |
3,205,000 |
$0.81 |
2,272,000 |
$0.75 |
67
6. CAPITAL STOCK (cont'd.)
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding as at March 31, 2007:
Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable |
|||||
|
Stock Options Outstanding |
Average (Years) |
Stock Options Exercisable |
Average
of Exercisable |
Weighted |
|
2,262,500 |
3.0 |
2,262,500 |
3.0 |
$0.75 |
|
115,000 |
3.6 |
75,000 |
3.6 |
Cdn$0.85 |
|
90,000 |
3.8 |
54,000 |
3.8 |
Cdn$1.15 |
|
50,000 |
3.8 |
50,000 |
3.8 |
Cdn$1.25 |
|
205,000 |
4.0 |
106,000 |
4.0 |
Cdn$1.37 |
|
1,715,000 |
5.0 |
290,000 |
5.0 |
Cdn$1.37 |
30,000 |
5.2 |
|
5.2 |
Cdn$1.60 |
|
|
80,000 |
4.3 |
30,000 |
4.3 |
Cdn$1.29 |
|
50,000 |
4.6 |
|
4.6 |
Cdn$1.34 |
|
240,000 |
4.8 |
120,000 |
4.8 |
Cdn$0.81 |
|
20,000 |
4.8 |
5,000 |
4.8 |
Cdn$0.88 |
|
425,000 |
4.9 |
212,500 |
4.9 |
Cdn$0.80 |
|
5,282,500 |
|
3,205,000 |
|
$0.91* |
* Based on the March 31, 2007 exchange rate of Cdn$1.1546 equals US$1.
Valuation assumptions
Compensation expense recorded in the financial statements has been estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The assumptions used in the pricing model include:
|
2007 |
2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividend yield |
0% |
0% |
|
Expected volatility |
55% |
53% - 70% |
|
Risk free interest rate |
4.54% - 5.21% |
3.38% - 4.7% |
|
Expected lives |
3 years |
3 years |
68
6. CAPITAL STOCK (cont'd.)
The risk-free interest rate is determined based on the rate at the time of grant for US government zero-coupon bonds for a 3 year term which is a term equal to the estimated life of the option. Dividend yield is based on the stock option's exercise price and expected annual dividend rate at the time of grant. Volatility is derived by measuring the average share price fluctuation of three publicly listed companies that operate in the same industry. The period of historical volatility is the same period as the expected life of the option being 3 years.
The Black-Scholes option-pricing model used by the Company to calculate option values was developed to estimate the fair value of freely tradeable, fully transferable options without vesting restrictions, which significantly differ from the Company's stock option awards. Options pricing models require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including future stock price volatility and expected time until exercise, which greatly affect the calculated values. Changes in these assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate and therefore it is management's view that the existing models do not necessarily provide a single reliable measure of the fair value of the Company's equity instruments.
[d]
Restricted stock units:
On April 4, 2006, the Board of Directors approved the grant of 8,000 restricted stock units ('RSU') to an officer of the company. The RSU's will vest over 12 to 24 months from the date of grant and once vested will entitle the grantee to 8,000 common shares in the Company.
On December 12, 2006, the Board of Directors approved the grant of 15,000 restricted stock units ('RSU') to an employee of the company. The RSU's will vest over 12 months from the date of grant and once vested will entitle the grantee to 15,000 common shares in the Company.
On January 10, 2007, 650,000 restricted stock units ('RSU') were granted to employees, officers and directors of the Company. The RSU's will vest within 18 months of granting and once vested will entitle the grantee one common share for each RSU.
The Company recognizes stock-based compensation is expensed on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the individual grants, which is generally equals the service period. The value of the restricted stock unit is calculated using the closing price of the Company's common stock on the date of the grant.
69
6. CAPITAL STOCK (cont'd.)
The following table summarizes information about restricted stock units outstanding as at March 31, 2007:
|
Granted |
Vested |
Weighted Average |
|
|
Outstanding at April 1, 2006 |
|
|
|
|
Issued April 18, 2006 |
8,000 |
8,000 |
Cdn$1.63 |
|
Issued December 12, 2006 |
15,000 |
7,500* |
Cdn$0.84 |
|
Issued January 10, 2007 |
650,000 |
100,000 |
Cdn$0.82 |
|
Outstanding at December 31, 2006 |
673,000 |
115,500 |
$0.71 |
*Vested on March 31, 2007. Stock certificate issued on April 1, 2007.
7. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
All transactions with related parties have occurred in the normal course of operations and are measured at their exchange amount as determined by management. All material transactions and balances with related parties not disclosed elsewhere are described below.
During the year ended March 31, 2007, the Company paid consulting fees to non-independent directors and officers in the amount of $150,353 [March 31, 2006 - $92,112; March 31, 2005 - $429,946; Period from inception to March 31, 2004 - $395,817] for services rendered on the exploration of the Borealis property.
70
8. INCOME TAXES
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company's deferred tax balances are as follows:
|
2007 | 2006 | |
|
$ | $ | |
|
|||
|
Deferred tax assets | ||
|
Net operating loss carryforwards | 3,203,058 | 1,944,038 |
|
Mineral property basis | 451,485 | 321,245 |
|
Feasibility costs | 316,511 | 167,067 |
|
Exploration costs | 2,131,024 | 1,100,391 |
|
Stock compensation | 543,376 | |
|
Reclamation costs | 2,075 | |
|
Equipment | 6,588 | 1,730 |
|
Total deferred tax assets | 6,654,117 | 3,534,471 |
|
Valuation allowance | (6,651,419) | (3,502,530) |
|
Net deferred tax assets | 2,698 | 31,941 |
|
|||
|
Deferred tax liabilities | ||
|
Equipment | | |
|
Prepaid expenses | (2,698) | (31,941) |
|
Total deferred tax liabilities | (2,698) | (31,941) |
|
| |
The potential income tax benefits relating to the deferred tax assets have not been recognized in the consolidated financial statements as their realization did not meet the requirements of "more likely than not" under the liability method of tax allocation. Accordingly, no deferred tax assets have been recognized as at March 31, 2007 and 2006.
71
8. INCOME TAXES (cont'd.)
The reconciliation of income taxes attributable to continuing operations computed at the statutory income tax rate of 37.06 % [2006 - 37.06%] is as follows:
|
2007 | 2006 | |
|
$ | $ | |
|
|||
|
Tax at statutory tax rates | (3,057,999) | (913,588) |
|
State taxes, net of federal benefit | (179,985) | (53,771) |
|
Non-deductible items | 9,101 | 1,030 |
|
Change in valuation allowance | 3,228,883 | 966,329 |
|
| |
At March 31, 2007 the Company has non-capital losses of approximately $8.6 million [2006 - $5.2 million] in the United States available for future deduction from taxable income and which expire prior to 2026. The Company has not recognized as an asset any of these potential deductions as it cannot be considered more likely than not that they will be utilized.
9. RECLAMATION DEPOSIT
During the year ended March 31, 2007, the Company increased the amount of their performance bond from $59,800 to $108,176 by purchasing a further performance bond in the amount of $48,376 from an insurance company. The Company earned $5,583 of interest income from the purchase of the bond. The total bond purchase is in support of the potential future obligations the Company may incur under a Plan of Operation for exploration within the brown-field area of the Borealis property filed with the U.S. Forest Service. The Company also deposited directly $21,000 with the Bureau of Land Management ("BLM") in support of its potential future obligations for reclamation during the Company's exploration activities within the BLM area. At March 31, 2007, the Company recorded a reclamation liability of $5,600 (March 31, 2006 $7,000) representing future obligations related to its drilling activities completed to March 31, 2007. The Company continues to hold the bond in support of potential future obligations under the Plan of Operation for exploration filed with the U.S. Forest Service.
72
10. COMMITMENTS & CONTINGENCIES
[a]
A portion of the Borealis Property is subject to a mining lease. The Company is required to make monthly lease payments of $9,094, adjusted annually based on the Consumer Price Index, for the duration of the lease term. In addition, production of precious metals from the Borealis Property will be subject to the payment of a royalty under the terms of the mining lease. The mining lease expires in 2009, but may be renewed by the Company annually thereafter, so long as mining activity continues on the Borealis Property. The Company has the option to terminate the mining lease at any time prior to expiry in 2009.
[b]
The Company rents office space in Vancouver, BC on a 3 year term. The following are rental lease commitments in relation to the office lease:
|
$ | |
|
||
|
2008 | 35,029 |
|
2009 | 14,595 |
[c]
During December 2006, the Company closed its Lakewood, Colorado office and terminated certain office staff. Closure costs totalled to $96,964, which included various lease buyouts, and are included in general and administration expenses.
[d]
On January 18, 2007, the Company was served with a motion to compel arbitration regarding the non-payment of severance to the former Chief Operating Officer. On April 19, 2007, a comprehensive settlement agreement was reached that included a one-time payment by the Company of $75,000.
11. CAPITAL LEASE
[a]
The Company entered into a lease, maturing in May 2008, to acquire a second
truck. The financing for both trucks are accounted for as capital leases, with
the present value of the required lease payments recorded as a liability and an
asset at inception and thereafter lease payments reduce the liability and result
in interest expense and the asset is depreciated. The actual combined lease
payments are $2,371 per month with a residual payment of $12,000 due October
2007 and $13,854 due May 2008.
The present value of required payments during each fiscal year is as follows:
|
$ | |
|
||
|
2008 | 32,977 |
|
2009 | 17,308 |
73
ITEM 8. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
NONE.
ITEM 8A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
At the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was carried out under the supervision of and with the participation of the Company's management, including the Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), of the effectiveness of the design and operations of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a 15(e) and Rule 15d 15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on that evaluation the CEO and the CFO have concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were adequately designed and effective in ensuring that: (i) information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits to the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in applicable rules and forms and (ii) material information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow for accurate and timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The Company's management, including the CEO and CFO, does not expect that its disclosure controls and procedures or internal controls and procedures will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, control may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
As a non-accelerated filer as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Company is not required to provide management's report on internal control over financial reporting until its annual report for the year ended March 31, 2008. Further, the Company's independent registered public accounting firm is not required to provide an attestation on management's report on internal control over financial reporting until the Company's annual report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009.
Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company's most recent fiscal quarter and the period covered by this annual report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the company's internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 8B. OTHER INFORMATION
NONE.
74
PART III
ITEM 9. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Our directors hold office until the next annual meeting of the stockholders and the election and qualification of their successors. Officers are elected annually by the Board of Directors and serve at the direction of the Board of Directors.
The following table and information that follows sets forth, as of June 19, 2007, the names, and positions of our directors and executive officers:
|
|
|
|
Name and Municipality of |
Current Office with |
Principal Occupation |
Director Since |
Anthony (Tony) D. J. Ker |
Director, Chief Executive Officer and President |
Appointed Chief Executive Officer September 2006, Executive Vice President, Gryphon Gold Corporation, 2003 to present, General Manager, Transcontinental Printing Inc., 1996 to 2004. |
May 7, 2004 |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
Albert J. Matter |
Director and Executive Chairman and Chairman of the Board |
Executive Chairman, since August 2005; Chairman of the Board and Vice President of Corporate Development, Gryphon Gold Corporation, 2003 to present. President National Gold Corporation, 1999 to 2002. |
April 30, 2003 |
|
|||
|
|||
Donald E. Ranta |
Director, Former Vice President of Exploration |
Vice President, Gryphon Gold Corporation 2003 to present. Consulting Geologist 2001-2003. President, NRX Global (USA) Corp., 2000-2002. |
June 14, 2003 |
|
|||
|
|
||
Richard W. Hughes |
Director |
President of Klondike Gold Corp. 1985 to present. |
June 14, 2003 |
|
|
||
|
|||
Rohan Hazelton |
Director |
Vice President Finance 2006 to present, formerly corporate Controller 2004 to 2006 and Mgr. Treasury and Finance, 2002 to 2004, Goldcorp Inc. (and Predecessor Wheaton River Minerals Ltd.), Auditor, Deloitte & Touche LLP, 1999 to 2002. |
July 6, 2005 |
|
|
||
|
|
||
Donald W. Gentry |
Director |
President, Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and Director of PolyMet Mining Corporation, 1998 to 2003 |
July 18, 2005 |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
Michael K. Longinotti |
Chief Financial Officer |
Chief Financial Officer, appointed May 15, 2006, Chief Financial officer Digital Payment Technologies February 2005 to May 2006, CFO Knight Signs Sept 2004 to February 2005, CFO Silent Witness, Nov. 2000 to June 2003. 1992 to 2000 Comptroller and then Treasurer of Cominco Ltd. |
|
|
|||
Rajwant Kang |
Corporate Controller, Secretary, and Treasurer |
Corporate Controller, Treasurer & Secretary since April 2006, Financial Officer, Secretary & Director Star Shipping (Canada) Ltd. and Squamish Terminals Limited April 1999 to April 2006, Financial Officer and Secretary Steppe Gold Resources January 1997 to April 1999. |
|
75
The following is a description of the business background of the directors and executive officers of the Corporation.
Albert J. Matter, 60, Director, has served as our Chairman of the Board, Vice President of Corporate Development, past Secretary and Treasurer since its inception in early 2003 and was appointed Executive Chairman on August 10, 2005. From 1999 to December of 2002 Mr. Matter served as President and Chief Executive Officer of National Gold Corporation. From spring of 1998 to fall of 1999 Mr. Matter was in retirement. Mr. Matter has over 30 years of experience of providing corporate finance, strategic planning, mergers and acquisition, and business development assistance to numerous corporations and high net worth individuals, especially in Western Canada. Successful corporate financing highlights include projects for Consumers Distributing Ltd., CN/CP Telecom, Madison Ventures Ltd., Rea Gold Corporation, Echo Bay Mines Ltd., Russell Steel Ltd., Blackdome Mining Ltd., Southward Energy Ltd., Winspear Resources Ltd. and National Gold Corporation. Mr. Matter holds a B.A. in Economics from the University of British Columbia.
Donald E. Ranta, 63, Director, served as our Vice President of Exploration from June 14, 2003, to January 2006, has held the following positions for the past five years: Director, President and Managing Director, Union Hill Partners, 1997-2000; President, NRX Global (USA) Corp., 2000-2002; Consulting Geologist, 2001 to 2003. Mr. Ranta is an internationally recognized exploration executive experienced in planning, implementing, and directing successful exploration and acquisition programs throughout North America, South America, Africa and other international locations. Dr. Ranta has extensive experience in generative exploration, project exploration and appraisal, geologic-engineering-economic evaluation, strategic and business planning, and management. Dr. Ranta has over 35 years of business experience and has served in various positions for mining companies, including President, Managing Director, Vice President of Exploration (Echo Bay Mines), Manager (VP) of North American Exploration (Phelps Dodge Corp.), Project Manager and Chief Geologist (AMAX). Dr. Ranta has a Ph.D. in Geological Engineering/Geology from Colorado School of Mines, a M.S. in Geological Engineering/Geology from Mackay School of Mines, University of Nevada, and a B.S. in Geological Engineering from University of Minnesota
Richard W. Hughes, 75, Director, is President of Hastings Management Corp., a private management company providing administrative and professional services to public companies engaged in mineral exploration. He is also President of five companies listed on the Toronto Venture Stock Exchange (TSX): Klondike Gold Corp., Klondike Silever Corp., Abitibi Mining Corp., Sedex Mining Corp., Amador Gold Corp., Chairman of Golden Chalice Resources Inc. and is a director of Alamos Gold Corp. and 10 other TSX listed companies. Mr. Hughes has brought four mines into production and had a prominent role in the discovery of the Golden Giant (Hemlo Mine) in Ontario Canada and was responsible for the discovery of the Belmoral Mine and the Sleeping Giant Mine, both in Quebec, Canada.
Rohan Hazelton, 33, Director, joined our board in July 2005 and was appointed Chairman of the Audit Committee. Mr. Hazelton is currently Vice President, Finance, and formerly was Corporate Controller for Goldcorp Inc. Prior to Goldcorp's merger with Wheaton River Minerals Ltd; he was a key member of Wheaton's management team since 2002 during Wheaton's rapid growth and significant increase in shareholder value. Mr. Hazelton is a Chartered Accountant and previously worked for Deloitte & Touche LLP and Arthur Andersen LLP. Prior to that, Mr. Hazelton was a commercial loans officer for Dialog Bank Moscow, Russia. Mr. Hazelton holds a B.A. in Math and Economics from Harvard University.
Donald W. Gentry, 64, Director, joined our board in July 2005 after retiring from PolyMet Mining Corporation as its President, Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and Director from 1998 to 2003. He is a retired Professor Emeritus of the Colorado School of Mines, having served that institution from 1972 to 1998 as Professor, Department Head and Dean of Engineering. He has an international reputation as a consulting mining engineer, professional educator and mining executive. His primary interests center on the financial aspects of project evaluation, investment decision analysis, project financing, and corporate investment strategies. He previously served as a Director of Santa Fe Pacific Gold Corporation, Newmont Mining Corporation, and Newmont Gold Company and currently is a Director of Golden Gryphon Explorations (a company which is unrelated to Gryphon Gold Corporation). He was elected President of the Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, Inc. in 1993 and the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers in 1996, and to the National Academy of Engineering in 1996. He holds B.S., M.S. and PhD. degrees in mining engineering from the University of Illinois, Mackay School of Mines, and U niversity of Arizona, respectively.
76
Anthony Ker, 50, Director, has served as our Chief Executive Officer since September 2006 prior to which he was Executive Vice President, Secretary and Treasurer since August 2003. From 1999 to February 2003, Mr. Ker served as Director, Treasurer, Secretary and Chief Financial Officer for National Gold Corporation, a TSX Venture Exchange listed company that merged into Alamos Gold, Inc. (TSX) during the spring of 2003. From 1996 and concurrent with the positions at National Gold Corporation, he was General Manager for Transcontinental Printing, Inc., British Columbia Division, a Toronto Stock Exchange listed company, and the second largest printer in Canada. Prior to the Transcontinental Printing, Inc. position, Mr. Ker managed a large coastal sawmill for International Forest Products Limited and Weldwood of Canada Limited in British Columbia. Mr. Ker holds a Bachelor of Science in Forestry from University of British Columbia.
Michael K. Longinotti, 50, was appointed as our Chief Financial Officer effective May 15, 2006. From 2003 to 2006 Mr. Longinotti has worked with several entrepreneurial companies as CFO including Digital Payment Technologies, Knight Signs and Rx Networks. From 2000 to 2004 he was CFO of Silent Witness, a NASDAQ and TSX listed provider of security equipment and network provider. From 1989 to 2000 he was in various positions, including Comptroller and Treasurer at Cominco Ltd. a multinational mining and smelting corporation with Cdn$ 3 billion in assets. Mr. Longinotti holds a B.S. in Geology and a B.S. in Environmental Science from Washington State University and a B.A. in Business Administration from the University of Washington and is a member of the Washington State Society of Certified Public Accountants.
Rajwant Kang, 34, joined our Company April 2006 as our Corporate Controller and was appointed our Treasurer and Secretary in September 2006. From 1999 to 2006 Mr. Kang served as the principal financial officer and Corporate Secretary for Star Shipping (Canada) Ltd. and Squamish Terminals Limited both privately held companies engaged in the shipping industry. He was appointed to the Board of Directors for both companies in 2001. From 1991 to 1999 he was in various positions both in Canada and the United Kingdom including Financial Officer and Secretary for Steppe Gold Resources Ltd. a junior mineral exploration. Mr. Kang holds a Business and Finance accreditation from the United Kingdom and is a member of the Association of Accounting Technicians (UK) he also is a designated member of the Certified Management Accountants of Canada (CMA).
None of our executive officers or key employees is related by blood, marriage or adoption to any other director or executive officer.
To our knowledge, there is no arrangement or understanding between any of our officers and any other person pursuant to which the officer was selected to serve as an officer.
Committees of the Board of Directors
Our Board of Directors has established four board committees: an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and a Corporate Governance/Nominating Committee and a Project Development, Environmental & Sustainability Committee.
The information below sets out the current members of each of Gryphon Gold's board committees and summarizes the functions of each of the committees in accordance with their mandates.
Audit Committee1
Our Audit Committee has been structured to comply with Canadian Multilateral Instrument 52-110-Audit Committees (MI 52-110) and Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ("Exchange Act"). Our Audit Committee is comprised of Richard Hughes, Don Gentry and Rohan Hazelton. The Company's Board of Directors has determined that all of the members of the Company's Audit Committee are independent directors under MI 52-110, Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act, and the audit committee rules of the American Stock Exchange. Rohan Hazelton is the Chairman of the Audit Committee. Rohan Hazelton satisfies the criteria for an audit committee financial expert under Item 401(e) of Regulation S-B of the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
[1] The Audit Committee Charter can be reviewed on SEDAR (www.sedar.com) and on the Company website (www.gryphongold.com)
77
The Audit Committee meets with management and Gryphon Gold's external auditors to review matters affecting financial reporting, the system of internal accounting and financial controls and procedures and the audit procedures and audit plans. The Audit Committee reviews Gryphon Gold's significant financial risks, will be involved in the appointment of senior financial executives and will annually review Gryphon Gold's insurance coverage and any off-balance sheet transactions.
The Audit Committee is mandated to monitor Gryphon Gold's audit and the preparation of financial statements and to review and recommend to the board of directors all financial disclosure contained in Gryphon Gold's public documents. The Audit Committee is also mandated to appoint external auditors, monitor their qualifications and independence and determine the appropriate level of their remuneration. The external auditors report directly to the Audit Committee and to the board of directors. The Audit Committee and board of directors each have the authority to terminate the external auditor's engagement (subject to confirmation by shareholders). The Audit Committee will also approve in advance any services to be provided by the external auditors which are not related to the audit.
Compensation Committee
The Compensation Committee is comprised of Richard Hughes, Don Gentry, and Rohan Hazelton, all of whom are independent directors. The Compensation Committee is responsible for considering and authorizing terms of employment and compensation of Directors, executive officers and providing advice on compensation structures in the various jurisdictions in which Gryphon Gold operates. In addition, the Compensation Committee reviews both the overall salary objectives of Gryphon Gold and significant modifications made to employee benefit plans, including those applicable to directors and executive officers, and proposes any awards of stock options, incentive and deferred compensation benefits.
Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee
The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee is comprised of Richard Hughes, Don Gentry and Don Ranta. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee is responsible for developing Gryphon Gold's approach to corporate governance issues and compliance with governance rules. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee is also mandated to plan for the succession of Gryphon Gold, including recommending director candidates, review of board procedures, size and organization, and monitoring of senior management with respect to governance issues. The committee is responsible for the development and implementation of corporate communications to ensure the integrity of Gryphon Gold's internal control and management information systems. The purview of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee also includes the administration of the board's relationship with the management of Gryphon Gold, monitoring the quality and effectiveness of Gryphon Gold's corporate governance system and ensuring the effectiveness and integrity of Gryphon Gold's communication and reporting to shareholders and the public generally.
Project Development, Environmental & Sustainability Committee
The Project Development, Environmental & Sustainability Committee is comprised of Don Gentry, Don Ranta and Tony Ker. The committee is to review and provide technical and commercial guidance for major project development plans, ensure management has appropriate systems in place to plan, implement and track performance of project development. The Committee shall establish environmental policy, monitor compliance and audit our performance relative to policy. The Committee shall establish health and safety policies monitor compliance and audit our practices and actions. The Committee shall establish policy for involving communities of interest in the design and implementation of project development towards sustainable mining development.
Code of Conduct
We adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of our directors, officers and employees. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics summarizes the legal, ethical and regulatory standards that we must follow and will serve as a reminder to our directors, officers and employees, of the seriousness of that commitment. Compliance with this code and high standards of business conduct is mandatory for each of our employees.
78
The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics was filed with the SEC on February 10, 2006 as exhibit 14.1(2) to Form 10-QSB quarterly report for the quarter ending December 31, 2005. Further information and a copy of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available on our website at www.gryphongold.com.
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, requires the Company's officers, directors, and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of the Company's common stock ("10% Stockholders"), to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Such officers, directors and 10% Stockholders are also required by SEC rules to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms that they file. Based solely upon information provided to us by individual officers, directors and 10% Stockholders, we believe that all of these filing requirements were satisfied by our officers, directors, and 10% Stockholders in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007.
ITEM 10. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The following table sets forth compensation paid to each of the individuals who served as our Chief Executive Officer and our other most highly compensated executive officers (the "named executive officers") for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007.
On April 4, 2006, the Board authorized salary adjustments for directors,
officers, and employees. These adjustments are indicated in the compensation
table below. Further, the Board proposed stock grants to certain directors and
executives to provide additional compensation, such stock grants would be part
of a Stock Grant and Options Plan to be approved at the next annual general
meeting of stockholders.
Summary Compensation Table
Name and |
Year |
Salary |
Bonus |
Stock $ |
Options Awards $ |
Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation $ |
Non-Qualified Deffered Compensation Earnings $ |
All Other Compensation |
Total |
Tony Ker, President & CEO |
2007 |
174,442(2) |
18,188 |
87,145(4) |
166,570 |
32,380(5) |
478,725 |
||
Michael Longinotti, CFO |
2007 |
117,175 |
18,188 |
63,954 |
198,920 |
398,237 |
|||
Albert Matter, Chairman |
2007 |
179,516(3) |
18,188 |
87,145(4) |
166,570 |
35,790(5) |
487,209 |
||
Allen Gordon, Former President & COO (1) |
2007 |
130,000 |
- |
145,600 |
112,500(5)(6) |
388,100 |
|||
Steve Craig, VP Exploration |
2007 |
125,000 |
- |
17,429 |
50,930 |
20,000(7) |
213,359 |
(1)
Vacated President and Chief Operating Officer role November 30, 2006
(2)
Effective April 2006 annual salary adjusted to Cdn$213,000, on January 1, 2007 reduced to Cdn$150,000
(3)
Effective April 2006 annual salary adjusted to Cdn$220,600, on January 1, 2007 reduced to Cdn$150,000.
(4)
Grant of 75,000 Restricted Stock Units in lieu of reduced salary vesting quarterly commencing April 1, 2007; 50,000 Restricted Stock Units Vest on July 10, 2008.
(5)
Retro pay for fiscal year 2006.
(6)
Severance payment of $75,000.
(7)
Relocation payment.\
79
Executive Compensation Agreements and Summary of Executive Compensation
Report on Executive Compensation
During the year ended March 31, 2006, the Company's Compensation Committee was
responsible for establishing compensation policy and administering the
compensation programs of our executive officers.
The amount of compensation paid by the Company to each of our officers and the
terms of those persons' employment is determined solely by the Compensation
Committee. The Compensation Committee evaluates past performance and considers
future incentive and retention in considering the appropriate compensation for
the Company's officers. The Company believes that the compensation paid to the
Company's directors and officers is fair to the Company.
Our Compensation Committee believes that the use of direct stock awards is at
times appropriate for employees, and in the future intends to use direct stock
awards to reward outstanding service or to attract and retain individuals with
exceptional talent and credentials. The use of stock options and other awards is
intended to strengthen the alignment of interests of executive officers and
other key employees with those of our stockholders.
Executive Compensation Agreements
Gryphon Gold is a party to employment contracts for Albert Matter, Tony Ker,
Michael Longinotti, Steven Craig and Rajwant Kang. Pursuant to those agreements
they are entitled to compensation for termination of their employment in certain
circumstances, including termination without cause and change of control. The
employment agreements provide for the payment of compensation that will be
triggered by a termination of the executive officer's employment by either
Gryphon Gold or the executive officer following a change of control of Gryphon
Gold, or by Gryphon Gold at any time, other than for "cause." In such event,
Messr's Matter, Ker, Longinotti, and Craig will be entitled to receive an amount
equal to one year's annual salary plus bonus (equal to the amount of bonus in
the prior year) earned in the year of change of control, and existing benefits
for a period of 12 months. Mr. Kang will be entitled to receive an amount equal
to one-half year's annual salary plus bonus (equal to the amount of bonus in the
prior year) earned in the year of change of control, and existing benefits for a
period of 6 months. The agreements with Albert Matter and Tony Ker include
limited non-competition and non-solicitation covenants for a period of 12 months
following termination.
Except as described above, and the payment of directors' fees, there are no
service contracts of any officer of Gryphon Gold and there is no arrangement or
agreement made or proposed to be made between Gryphon Gold and any of its named
executive officers pursuant to which a payment or other benefit is to be made or
given by way of compensation in the event of that officer's resignation,
retirement or other termination of employment, or in the event of a change of
control of Gryphon Gold or a change in the named executive officer's
responsibilities following such change in control.
80
Outstanding Equity Awards At Fiscal Year-End
The following table sets forth the stock options granted to our named executive officers as of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. No stock appreciation rights were awarded.
Option Awards | Stock Awards | ||||||||
Name |
Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (1) (#) Exercisable |
Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Unexercisable |
Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Securities Unexercised Unearned Options (#) |
Option Exercise Price ($) |
Option Expiration Date |
Number of Shares or Units of Stock that have not Vested (#) |
Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock that have not Vested ($) |
Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Securities Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That have not Vested (#) |
Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Market or Payout Value of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights that Have not Vested ($) |
Tony Ker(1) |
325,000 |
-- |
0.75 |
29-Mar-10 |
50,000 |
46,336 |
|||
President and Chief Executive Officer |
-- |
200,000 |
Cdn$1.37 |
4-Apr-12 |
75,000 |
69,505 |
|||
50,000 |
50,000 |
Cdn$0.80 |
25-Feb-12 |
||||||
Michael Longinotti(2) |
250,000 |
-- |
Cdn$1.37 |
18-Apr-12 |
|||||
Chief Financial Officer |
50,000 |
50,000 |
Cdn$0.80 |
25-Feb-12 |
|||||
Albert Matter(3) |
350,000 |
-- |
0.75 |
29-Mar-10 |
50,000 |
46,336 |
|||
Chairman |
-- |
200,000 |
Cdn$1.37 |
4-Apr-12 |
75,000 |
69,505 |
|||
50,000 |
50,000 |
Cdn$0.80 |
25-Feb-12 |
||||||
Steve Craig(4) |
54,000 |
36,000 |
Cdn$1.15 |
5-Jan-11 |
25,000 |
23,168 |
|||
VP Exploration |
36,000 |
24,000 |
Cdn$1.37 |
13-Mar-11 |
|||||
-- |
50,000 |
Cdn$1.37 |
4-Apr-12 |
||||||
25,000 |
25,000 |
Cdn$0.80 |
25-Feb-12 |
||||||
Allen Gordon (5) |
350,000 |
-- |
0.75 |
13-Jun-07 |
|||||
Former President and Chief Operating Officer |
-- |
225,000 |
Cdn$1.37 |
13-Jun-07 |
|||||
Rajwant Kang |
30,000 |
45,000 |
Cdn$1.37 |
4-Apr-11 |
|||||
Controller, Secretary, and Treasurer |
37,500 |
-- |
Cdn$0.80 |
26-Feb-12 |
(1)
200,000 options vest 100% April 4, 2007; 50,000 options vest 100% February 26, 2008. Units of stock: 50,000 vest 100% July 10, 2008; 75,000 vest 25% quarterly commencing April 1, 2007.
(2)
50,000 options vest 100% February 26, 2008.
(3)
200,000 options vest 100% April 4, 2007; 50,000 options vest 100% February 26, 2008. Units of stock: 50,000 vest 100% July 10, 2008; 75,000 vest 25% quarterly commencing April 1, 2007.
(4)
36,000 options vest 50% July 5, 2007, 50% January 5, 2008: 24,000 options vest 50% September 13, 2007, 50% March 13, 2008: 50,000 options vest 100% April 4, 2007: 25,000 options vest 100% February 26, 2008. Units of stock: 25,000 vest 50% July 10, 2007, 50% January 10, 2008.
(5)
Vacated President and COO role November 30, 2006; 225,000 vest 100% April 4, 2007.
(6)
45,000 options vest April 4 2007 15,000, October 4, 2007 15,000, April 4
2008 15,000; 37,500 options to vest 100% February 26, 2008.
81
Retirement, Resignation or Termination Plans
We sponsor no plan, whether written or verbal, that would provide compensation or benefits of any type to an executive upon retirement, or any plan that would provide payment for retirement, resignation, or termination as a result of a change in control of our Company or as a result of a change in the responsibilities of an executive following a change in control of our Company.
Director Compensation
Name |
Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($)($) |
Stock Awards ($) |
Option Awards ($) |
Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($) |
Non-Qualified Compensation Earnings ($) |
All Other Compensation ($) |
Total ($) |
|||
Donald Gentry |
6,750 |
52,287 |
(1) |
113,250 |
(2) |
172,287 |
||||
Rohan Hazelton |
3,350 |
52,287 |
(3) |
113,250 |
(4) |
168,887 |
||||
Chris Herald |
4,500 |
- |
64,710 |
(5) |
69,210 |
|||||
Richard Hughes |
2,500 |
52,287 |
(6) |
64,710 |
(7) |
119,497 |
||||
Donald Ranta |
- |
34,858 |
(8) |
129,430 |
(9) |
150,254 |
(10) |
314,542 |
(1)
50,000 Restricted Stock Units Vest on July 10, 2008; 25,000 Restricted Stock Units Vest on a quarterly basis commencing April 10, 2007.
(2)
175,000 Stock Options 100% Vests on April 4, 2007, Expire April 4, 2012. Exercise Price Cdn$1.37 per share
(3)
50,000 Restricted Stock Units Vest on July 10, 2008; 25,000 Restricted Stock Units Vest on a quarterly basis commencing April 10, 2007.
(4)
175,000 Stock Options 100% Vests on April 4, 2007, Expire April 4, 2012. Exercise Price Cdn$1.37 per share
(5)
100,000 Stock Options 100% Vests on April 4, 2007, Expire April 4, 2012. Exercise Price Cdn$1.37 per share
(6)
50,000 Restricted Stock Units Vest on July 10, 2008; 25,000 Restricted Stock Units Vest on a quarterly basis commencing April 10, 2007.
(7)
100,000 Stock Options 100% Vests on April 4, 2007, Expire April 4, 2012. Exercise Price Cdn$1.37 per share
(8)
50,000 Restricted Stock Units Vest on July 10, 2008
(9)
200,000 Stock Options 100% Vests on April 4, 2007, Expire April 4, 2012. Exercise Price Cdn$1.37 per share
(10)
Consulting Fees paid
Compensation of Directors
Beginning January 2007, independent board members who are not employed by us in
any capacity other than as a director will be compensated for their services as
follows:
A grant of 25,000 Restricted Stock Units that vest at a rate of 6,250 units each calendar quarter during 2007 and 50,000 units that will vest July 10, 2008.
No cash compensation for attendance of any meeting.
Any expenses, travel, administrative, telephone or other costs associated with a Board member's fulfilling his or her duties as a Board member will be reimbursed by Gryphon Gold.
82
Beginning January 2007, non-independent board members will be compensated for their services as follows:
A grant of 50,000 Restricted Stock Units that will vest July 10, 2008.
No cash compensation for attendance of any meeting.
Any expenses, travel, administrative, telephone or other costs associated with a Board member's fulfilling his or her duties as a Board member will be reimbursed by Gryphon Gold.
Beginning in July 2005 and until January 2007, independent board members who
were not employed by us in any capacity other than as a director were
compensated for their services as follows:
For any Board or Committee meeting not requiring travel, such as a telephone conference call a meeting fee of $250.
For any fully constituted meeting of the Board or a Committee requiring travel of over four hours in aggregate a meeting fee of $1,000.
Any expenses, travel, administrative, telephone or other costs associated with a Board member's fulfilling his or her duties as a Board member will be reimbursed by Gryphon Gold.
Director Compensation Agreements
Gryphon Gold is a party to employment contracts for each of Albert Matter and
Tony Ker. Pursuant to those agreements they are entitled to compensation for
termination of their employment in certain circumstances, including termination
without cause and change of control. The employment agreements provide for the
payment of compensation that will be triggered by a termination of the executive
officer's employment by either Gryphon Gold or the executive officer following a
change of control of Gryphon Gold, or by Gryphon Gold at any time, other than
for "cause." In such event, each officer will be entitled to receive an amount
equal to one year's annual salary plus bonus (equal to the amount of bonus in
the prior year) earned in the year of change of control, and existing benefits
for a period of 12 months. The agreements with Albert Matter and Tony Ker
include limited non-competition and non-solicitation covenants for a period of
12 months following termination.
Mr. Ranta is a party to a consulting agreement under which he is paid on a per
diem basis and pursuant to which he is entitled to compensation for termination
of his agreement in certain circumstances, including termination without cause
and change of control.
Except as described above, and the payment of directors' fees, there are no
service contracts of any director of Gryphon Gold and there is no arrangement or
agreement made or proposed to be made between Gryphon Gold and any of its
directors pursuant to which a payment or other benefit is to be made or given by
way of compensation in the event of that officer's resignation, retirement or
other termination of employment, or in the event of a change of control of
Gryphon Gold or a change in the director's responsibilities following such
change in control.
ITEM 11. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND
RELATED STOCKHOLDERS MATTERS
Securities Ownership
The following tables set forth information as of June 19, 2007 regarding the ownership of our common stock by:
each person who is known by us to own more than 5% of our shares of common stock; and
each named executive officer, each director and all of our directors and executive officers as a group.
The number of shares beneficially owned and the percentage of shares beneficially owned are based on 47,491,395 shares of common stock outstanding as of June 1, 2007.
83
For the purposes of the information provided below, shares subject to options and warrants that are exercisable within 60 days following June 1, 2007 are deemed to be outstanding and beneficially owned by the holder for the purpose of computing the number of shares and percentage ownership of that holder but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Except as indicated in the footnotes to these tables, and as affected by applicable community property laws, all persons listed have sole voting and investment power for all shares shown as beneficially owned by them.
Principal Stockholders
As of March 31, 2007 |
||
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner(1) |
Shares |
Percent |
Allen Gordon |
2,825,000(3) |
5.88%(3) |
390 Union Blvd., Suite 360 |
|
|
Albert Matter |
2,614,750(4) |
5.44%(4) |
Suite 810, 1130 West Pender Street |
||
Standard Bank plc |
3,426,336 |
7.21% |
25 Dowgate Hill, Cannon Bridge House |
||
Geologic Resource Fund |
7,000,000(5) |
13.73%(5) |
Other Directors
and Officers as a group (2) |
6,800,800(6) |
13.52%(6) |
__________
(1)
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission and includes voting and investment power with respect to shares. Unless otherwise indicated, the persons named in this table have sole voting and sole investment control with respect to all shares beneficially owned. Figures shown are on a non-diluted basis.
(2)
Figure shown represents the sum of shares owned or controlled individually by directors and officers (other than Mr. Matter and Mr. Gordon) and includes ownership by spouses and minor children (250,000 shares) where it may be considered that direction and control over these shares rests with the director or officer. Mr. Christopher Herald's sum of shares and warrants are included in this figure although he resigned from the Board of Directors on October 10, 2006.
(3)
Includes 575,000 shares acquirable upon exercise of vested stock options.
(4)
Includes 600,000 shares acquirable upon exercise of vested stock options and 125,000 restricted stock units. Although only 18,750 restricted stock units have vested all 125,000 were reported to SEC as beneficially owned.
(5)
Geologic Resource Fund LP of 535 Boylston Street, Boston MA currently holds 980,000 shares and 980,000 shares upon exercise of warrants and Geologic Resource Fund LTD of Harbour Centre, Noah Church Street, George Town, Grand Cayman holds 2,520,000 shares and 2,520,000 shares upon exercise of warrants. George Ireland (Chief Investment Officer for both funds) holds sole voting power.
(6)
Includes 2,760,000 shares acquirable upon exercise of vested stock options and 64,500 shares acquirable upon exercise of warrants. This figure also includes 533,000 granted restricted stock units of which 387,500 have not vested but have been recorded to the SEC as full owned non-derivative securities.
84
Security Ownership of Management
As of March 31, 2007 |
||
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner(1) |
Shares |
Percent |
Allen Gordon |
2,825,000(2) |
5.88%(2) |
Former Director, President, and Chief Operating Officer | ||
32509 El Diente Court |
||
Evergreen, CO 80439 |
||
|
|
|
Albert Matter |
2,614,750(3) |
5.44%(3) |
Executive Chairman, Director |
|
|
Suite 810, 1130 West Pender Street |
|
|
Vancouver, BC V6E 4A4 |
|
|
|
|
|
Anthony Ker |
1,825,000(4) |
3.62%(4) |
Director, President, Chief Executive Officer |
|
|
Suite 810, 1130 West Pender Street |
|
|
Vancouver, BC V6E 4A4 |
|
|
|
|
|
Michael Longinotti |
533,000(5) |
2.30%(5) |
Chief Financial Officer |
|
|
Suite 810, 1130 West Pender Street |
|
|
Vancouver, BC V6E 4A4 |
|
|
|
|
|
Rajwant Kang |
175,800(6) |
0.36%(6) |
Corporate Controller, Secretary, Treasurer |
|
|
Suite 810, 1130 West Pender Street |
|
|
Vancouver, BC V6E 4A4 |
|
|
|
|
|
All directors and executive officers as a group (10 persons) |
12,240,550(7) |
13.37%(7) |
__________
(1)
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and includes voting and investment power with respect to shares. Unless otherwise indicated, the persons named in this table have sole voting and sole investment control with respect to all shares beneficially owned.
(2)
Includes vested options exercisable to acquire 575,000 shares of common stock. Allen Gordon was terminated as President and COO of the company on November 30, 2006 but remains as a director on the board.
(3)
Includes vested options exercisable to acquire 600,000 shares of common stock and 125,000 restricted stock units
(4)
Includes vested options exercisable to acquire 575,000 shares of common stock and 125,000 restricted stock units. Tony Ker was appointed Chief Executive Officer September 12, 2006 and appointed President January 10, 2007.
(5)
Includes vested options exercisable to acquire 300,000 shares of common stock and 50,000 shares upon the exercise of warrants.
(6)
Includes vested options exercisable to acquire 82,500 shares of common stock and 14,500 shares upon the exercise of warrants.
(7)
Includes vested options exercisable to acquire 3,935,000 shares of common stock, 64,500 share upon the exercise of warrants and 658,000 restricted stock units. Of the 11 persons, one has since resigned, Mr. Christopher Herald, on October 10,2006.
We have no knowledge of any arrangements, including any pledge by any person of our securities, the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in our control.
We are not, to the best of our knowledge, directly or indirectly owned or controlled by another corporation or foreign government.
As of June 19, 2007, we had approximately 1600 shareholders of record of our common stock.
Equity Compensation Plans
Please review the disclosure provided under the section heading "Market for Common Equity".
ITEM 12. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Except for the transactions described below, none of our directors, senior officers or principal shareholders, nor any associate or affiliate of the foregoing have any interest, direct or indirect, in any transaction, from April 23, 2003 (date of inception) to the date of this report, or in any proposed transactions, in which such person had or is to have a direct or indirect material interest.
85
Purchases Of Securities
During and subsequent to the fiscal year ending March 31, 2007, officers, directors and 10% shareholders of Gryphon Gold purchased securities of Gryphon Gold on the following terms:
Officer, Director, 10% Shareholder |
Type of Security |
Price of Security |
Date of Purchase |
Michael Longinotti |
100,000 units (1) |
Cdn $1.35 per unit |
June 10, 2006 |
Rajwant Kang |
4,800 units |
Cdn $2.07 per unit |
April 27, 2006 |
Rajwant Kang |
5,000 units |
Cdn $1.65 per unit |
May 31, 2006 |
Rajwant Kang |
29,000 units (1) |
Cdn $1.35 per unit |
June 10, 2006 |
Rajwant Kang |
9,000 units |
Cdn $1.46 per unit |
July 21, 2006 |
Rajwant Kang |
6,000 units |
Cdn $1.20 per unit |
Oct 5, 2006 |
Anthony Ker |
25,000 units |
Cdn $1.85 per unit |
May 8, 2006 |
Donald Gentry |
37,500 units |
$0.75 per unit |
April 17, 2006 |
Geologic Resource Fund |
3,500,000 units (2) |
Cdn $0.90 per unit |
Feb 9, 2007 |
__________
(1) Each unit consisted of one share of common stock and one-half of one share purchase warrant, each whole warrant exercisable to acquire one share of common stock at Cdn$1.82.
(2) Each unit consisted of one share of common stsock and one of one share purchase warrant, each whole warrant exercisable to acquire one share of common stock at Cdn$1.10 until first anniversary date (Feb 8, 2008) and exercisable at Cdn$1.35 from Feb 9, 2008 to Feb 9, 2009.
Other than compensatory arrangements described under "Executive Compensation" and the transactions described above, we have had no other transactions, directly or indirectly, during the past fiscal year with our directors, senior officers or principal shareholders, or any of their associates or affiliates in which they had or have a direct or indirect material interest.
Director Independence
The Company's Board of Directors has determined that the following directors are independent based on the standards for director independence for the American Stock Exchange:
Richard Hughes;
Don Gentry; and
Rohan Hazelton.
ITEM 13. EXHIBITS
Exhibit | |
Number | Description |
3.1(1) |
Articles of Incorporation of Gryphon Gold Corporation, filed April 24, 2003 |
3.2(1) |
Certificate of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of Gryphon Gold Corporation, filed August 9, 2005 |
3.3(1) |
Bylaws of Gryphon Gold Corporation |
3.4(1) |
Articles of Incorporation of Borealis Mining Company, filed June 5, 2003 |
3.5(1) |
Bylaws of Borealis Mining Company |
86
4.1(4) |
Specimen Common Stock certificate |
4.2(3) |
Form of Warrant Indenture |
4.3(4) |
Form of Underwriters' Compensation Options |
10.1(1) |
Investor Rights Agreement by and among Gryphon Gold Corporation and the Stockholders Party Hereto, dated as of May 1, 2003, as amended |
10.2(1) |
Assignment of Borealis Mining Lease, dated January 10, 2005, between Golden Phoenix Mineral Company and Borealis Mining Company |
10.3(1) |
Agreement and Consent to Assignment of Borealis Mining Lease, entered into as of January 26, 2005, between Richard J. Cavell, Hardrock Mining Company, John W. Whitney, Golden Phoenix Minerals, Inc., Borealis Mining Company and Gryphon Gold Corporation |
10.4(1) |
Escrow Agreement, dated January 10, 2005, between Borealis Mining Company, Gryphon Gold Company and Lawyers Title Agency of Arizona (Regarding Purchase Agreement dated January 10, 2005) |
10.5(1) |
Purchase Agreement dated January 10, 2005, as amended, Seller: Golden Phoenix Minerals, Inc., Buyer: |
10.6(1) |
Agreement between Golden Phoenix Minerals, Inc. and Borealis Mining Company (Borealis Property, Mineral County, Nevada), dated July 21, 2003 |
10.7(1) |
Agency Agreement/ Investment Advisory Retainer, between Gryphon Gold Corporation and Desjardins Securities Inc., signed March 9, 2005 |
10.8(1) |
Service Agreement between Gryphon Gold Corporation and The Kottmeier Resolution Group Ltd., dated May 17, 2005 |
10.9(1) |
Office Building Lease dated June 22, 2005, related to Lakewood, Colorado office |
10.10(1) |
Executive Compensation Agreement, dated October 1, 2003, between Gryphon Gold Corporation and Allen Gordon dba Evergreen Mineral Ventures LLC |
10.11(1) |
Assignment Assumption Agreement between Gryphon Gold Corporation and Allen Gordon |
10.12(1) |
Executive Compensation Agreement, dated October 1, 2003, between Gryphon Gold Corporation and Albert Matter |
10.13(1) |
Executive Compensation Agreement, dated February 1, 2004, between Gryphon Gold Corporation and Tony Ker |
10.14(1) |
Executive Compensation Agreement, dated November 1, 2004, between Gryphon Gold Corporation and Thomas Sitar |
10.15(1) |
Executive Compensation Agreement, dated June 1, 2005 between Gryphon Gold Corporation and Donald Ranta |
10.16(1) |
Gryphon Gold Corporation 2004 Stock Incentive Plan |
10.17(4) |
Form of Escrow Agreement |
10.18(2) |
Form of Lock Up Agreement Shareholders |
10.19(2) |
Form of Lock Up Agreement for Executive Officers and Directors |
10.20(2) |
Warrant Agreement dated August 10, 2005, between Gryphon Gold Corporation and Computershare Trust Company, Inc. (Golden, Colorado) |
14.1(2) |
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics |
16.1(2) |
Letter on Change of Certifying Accountant |
21.1(5) |
Table of Subsidiaries |
Consent of Mr. Alan C. Noble, P.E. of Ore Reserves Engineering in Lakewood, CO |
|
Certification Required Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
|
Certification Required Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
|
Certification Required Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
|
Certification Required Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
|
(1) Previously filed on Form SB-2 on August 17, 2005 | |
(2) Previously filed on Form SB-2 on October 6, 2005 | |
(3) Previously filed on Form SB-2 on October 27, 2005 | |
(4) Previously filed on Form SB-2 on November 9, 2005 | |
(5) Previously file on Form 10-KSB on June 30, 2006 |
87
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Audit Fees
The aggregate fees billed by the Company's auditors for professional services
rendered in connection with the audit of the Company's annual consolidated
financial statements for fiscal 2007 and 2006 and reviews of the consolidated
financial statements included in the Company's Forms 10-KSB and 10-QSB for
fiscal 2007 and 2006 were $85,000 and $59,000, respectively.
Audit-Related Fees
The aggregate fees billed by the Company's auditors for any additional fees for
assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of
the audit or review of the Company's financial statements including costs
related to the Initial Public Offering and are not reported under "Audit Fees"
above for fiscal 2007 and 2006 were $11,610 and $122,500, respectively.
Tax Fees
The aggregate fees billed by the Company's auditors for professional services
for tax compliance, tax advice, and tax planning for fiscal 2007 and 2006 were
$17,585 and $16,640, respectively.
All Other Fees
The aggregate fees billed by the Company's auditors for all other non-audit
services rendered to the Company, such as attending meetings and other
miscellaneous financial consulting, for fiscal 2007 and 2006 were $Nil and $Nil,
respectively.
88
SIGNATURES
In accordance with Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized:
GRYPHON GOLD CORPORATION
/s/ Anthony (Tony) D.J. Ker | Chief Executive Officer and Director | June 21, 2007 |
(Principal Executive Officer) | ||
/s/ Michael K. Longinotti | Chief Financial Officer | June 21, 2007 |
(Principal Financial and | ||
Accounting Officer | ||
In accordance with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report to be signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated. |
||
/s/ Anthony (Tony) D.J. Ker | Chief Executive Officer | June 21, 2007 |
and Director | ||
(Principal Executive Officer) | ||
/s/ Michael K. Longinotti | Chief Financial Officer | June 21, 2007 |
(Principal Financial and | ||
Accounting Officer) | ||
/s/ Albert J. Matter | Director, Chairman of the Board | June 21, 2007 |
/s/ Donald E. Ranta | Director | June 21, 2007 |
/s/ Richard W. Hughes | Director | June 21, 2007 |
/s/ Rohan Hazelton | Director | June 21, 2007 |
/s/ Donald W. Gentry | Director | June 21, 2007 |
89
EXHIBIT 31.1 CERTIFICATION I, Tony Ker, certify that: I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-KSB of Gryphon
Gold Corporation; 1. Based on my knowledge, this report does not
contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact
necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which
such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by
this report; 2. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements,
and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly present
in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash
flows of the issuer as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 3. The issuer's other certifying officer and I are
responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures
(as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the issuer and
have: 4. (a) Designed such disclosure controls and
procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed
under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the
issuer, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others
within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is
being prepared; (b) Evaluated the effectiveness of the
issuer's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our
conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures,
as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(c) Disclosed in this report any change in
the issuer's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the
period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is
reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer's internal control over
financial reporting; and 5. The issuer's other certifying officer(s) and I have
disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over
financial reporting, to the issuer's auditors and the audit committee of the
issuer's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and
material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over
financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the issuer's
ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
Date: June 21, 2007 |
By: |
/s/ Tony Ker |
Tony Ker Chief Executive Officer |
EXHIBIT 31.2 CERTIFICATION I, Michael Longinotti, certify that: I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-KSB of Gryphon Gold
Corporation; 1. Based on my knowledge, this report does not
contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact
necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which
such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by
this report; 2. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements,
and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly present
in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash
flows of the issuer as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 3. The issuer's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for
establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the issuer and have: 4. (a) Designed such disclosure controls and
procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed
under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the
issuer, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others
within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is
being prepared; (b) Evaluated the effectiveness of the
issuer's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our
conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures,
as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(c) Disclosed in this report any change in
the issuer's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the
period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is
reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer's internal control over
financial reporting; and 5. The issuer's other certifying officer(s) and I
have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over
financial reporting, to the issuer's auditors and the audit committee of the
issuer's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and
material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over
financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the issuer's
ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves
management or other employees who have a significant role in the issuer's
internal control over financial reporting.
Date: June 21, 2007 |
By: |
/s/ Michael Longinotti |
Michael Longinotti Chief Financial Officer |
EXHIBIT 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. §1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Annual Report of Gryphon Gold Corporation (the "Company") on Form 10-KSB for the period ended March 31, 2007 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Tony Ker, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in this Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
June 21, 2007 |
/s/ Tony Ker |
Tony Ker Chief Executive Officer |
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Gryphon Gold Corporation and will be retained by Gryphon Gold Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.
EXHIBIT 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. §1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Annual Report of Gryphon Gold Corporation (the "Company") on Form 10-KSB for the period ended March 31, 2007 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Michael Longinotti, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in this Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
June 21, 2007 |
/s/ Michael Longinotti |
Michael Longinotti Chief Financial Officer |
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Gryphon Gold Corporation and will be retained by Gryphon Gold Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.