Monday's deadly and destructive summertime storm that wreaked havoc on the Midwest is known as a "derecho" — but what exactly is this, and where did it get its name?
A derecho is "a widespread, long-lived windstorm that is associated with a band of rapidly moving showers or thunderstorms," according to the National Weather Service (NWS).
Although a derecho can produce destruction similar to that of tornadoes, "the damage typically is directed" in one way "along a relatively straight swath," the service also said.
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"Straight-line wind damage" is sometimes used to describe derecho destruction.
The NWS said that if the wind damage swath extends more than 240 miles and includes wind gusts of at least 58 mph along most of its length, the event may be classified as a derecho.
Monday's derecho left a trail of damage stretching nearly 500 miles extending from Indiana to Iowa, including the Chicagoland area, FOX Weather reported.
The derecho toppled trees, snapped utility poles and ripped the roofs off buildings.
Thousands of utility customers across the region were left without electricity, with nearly 400,000 power outages at the peak of the storm, FOX Weather reported.
The NWS in Chicago issued 16 tornado warnings on Monday.
That's the third-most in a single day by the NWS in Chicago in a single day and the most since a record-setting 19 were issued more than 20 years ago on April 20, 2004.
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There was also at least one fatality. A report from Fox 32 in Chicago said that a 44-year-old woman in Cedar Lake, Indiana, was killed when a tree fell on her house.
The term "derecho" originated in 1888. Dr. Gustavus Hinrichs, a professor of physics at the University of Iowa, coined the term, according to the NWS's Storm Prediction Center.
"Derecho" is a Spanish word meaning "direct" or "straight ahead."
Hinrichs used the term in a paper published by the American Meteorological Journal to distinguish thunderstorm-induced straight-line winds from the rotary winds of tornadoes.
A facts page dedicated to the derecho on the SPC's website indicates the term disappeared from use for nearly 100 years until meteorologists Robert Johns and William Hirt resurrected it in a 1987 study.
Because derechos are most common in the summer months, people involved in outdoor activities are the most at risk, according to the SPC.
Anyone attending fairs and festivals could be injured or killed by collapsing tents and flying debris.
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Campers or hikers are vulnerable to being injured or killed by falling trees, as well as boaters who risk injury or drowning from high waves that can overturn vessels, the SPC said.
Derechos are more prevalent in the "warm" season – the months of May, June, July and August, as defined by the NWS.
That's when 70% of all derechos occur, according to the NWS.
Although they're rare west of the Great Plains, isolated derechos have occurred in interior portions of the western U.S., especially during the spring and early summer.
They are most common in the Midwest.
A derecho swept through parts of Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota and South Dakota in May 2022, killing at least three people.
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The Aug. 2020 derecho that damaged more than 90,000 square miles and resulted in $11.5 billion worth of destruction across the Midwest has been called the costliest known thunderstorm event in modern U.S. history.
It also resulted in four deaths and dozens of injuries, according to the NWS.
That followed a June 2020 derecho in Pennsylvania and New Jersey that left four dead.
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One month earlier, a complex of severe thunderstorms developed over Kansas before trekking across southern Missouri and western Kentucky in time to reach the Nashville area, where an off-duty firefighter was killed and three others were injured by falling trees.
Travis Fedschun and Julia Musto contributed reporting.
